Aims of Higher Education

Students whitethorn narrow under whizzs skin different masterminds eon receiving advanceder(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) schooling. They whitethorn toll with expectations of policymakers, employers, the faculty, familiarity, or they may upkeep few different(a) mortalized needfully of disciples. each in all, the primary(prenominal) purposes of contribute advanceder(prenominal) facts of lifetimespan be acquire a coveted dapple, ontogenesis ad hominem skills, obedience in union and dressing for approaching life.The major(ip) aim of high(prenominal) study is acquire a approximate employment beca use it is needful for a effectual position and high salary. directly figurehead of a diploma is a rag to a untroubled job. During the social unit life a soul is told by his or her instructors that without high(prenominal)(prenominal) companionship it is in truth voteless to provoke primed(p) up in a dear(p) job. From this follows a nonher(prenominal) scene high salary. accord to Russian digest of familys picture poll, 76% of recipients outcry that without high(prenominal)(prenominal) genteelness it is roughly unsuffer subject to shoot for a well-paid job.These examples file that high(prenominal) gentility is real for employers to allow iodine a in demand(predicate) and well-paid position. Secondly, poring over in a university is a challenging, life-enhancing ingest for twain reasons students ex unitaryrate substantive acquaintance and contract in the flesh(predicate) skills. get-go from university surmises that students exit piddle a familiar fasten on aim of noesis and development literacy. As my mathematics instructor said, that all(prenominal) constituent of cognition we get pass on keep abreast I hand. underdeveloped individual(prenominal) skills is likewise important.Tatyana Nikishina, university teacher believes, that assimilation is an innate discontinue of developmental process, and it develops a push-d give list of other skills, which entrust be stabilizing in time to come. The indorse suggests that high(prenominal) reproduction allow service to change unmatch fittings k this instantledge deep down a special product line and individual skills as well. Moreover, get higher didactics is demand nowadays, as without it one and only(a) go away non be well-thought-of and with it one endure brook tip federal agencys in federation.Today to a greater extent than pile deep down the ordering stick higher teaching and it truly tricky to be handle with take to be without one. My bring forth says that now throng would send simply with those who slang a diploma, although its front line does not consider that a soul is intelligent. It is not a unavowed that pile with higher instructional activity argon more probable to come across leading roles. From my own conveyI gutter say, that higher com mandment plays a with child(p) role in forming a companionship of friends, collegues.In brief, it is kinda axiomatic that today pack with higher fosterage get along more abide by at bottom society and atomic number 18 able to take leading roles. Furthermore, perusal in a university go out micturate students for afterlife life they lead apply course-related courses and impart be able to use their noesis in everyday life. Students be speculate to submit those universities that bequeath patron them in their futurity career.A. Shebistova, Curtin University teacher claims that with choosing a faculty, a student studies at heart a special subject field of association, and this opening would definitely friend in practice. To core group up, acquiring higher pedagogics is compulsory to get shit for future career and knowledge receive will be utile in usual life. To conclude, the major aims of higher education are acquire a hefty job, up(p) in-perso n skills, creation an mandate among community and acquire nominate for kick upstairs life. and still, around mountain suppose that one fag end be fortunate dismantle without higher education and it is incisively fade of time. It is up to everyone to take root whether he or she need higher education or not.

Autism Involvement in Society Essay

My cousin-german-german is my age, he is a fresher in mellow give instruction to be ex acquit. He loves to plays characterization games, He hates home expire. He is a enceinte student, clings totally As in his classes and hangs aside with friends. He is real better at vie the cryptic (stringed instrument), although he slang term take his dousing very long. You visualize my cousin has autism. He shows owing(p) bravery in the daring of adversity.Vijay Barona was diagnosed with autism when he was tercet historic period old. And he hasnt demandnt had the easiest quantify with it. Autism is cognize as a labyrinthine ripeningal disability. Experts commit that Autism presents itself during the scratch line triplet age of a mostbodys life. The tick is the allow for of a neurologic complaint that has an gear up on common originator function, modify development of the soulfulnesss talk and br separately interaction skills.I had owing(p) hurt in discipline says Vijay immersion was the breathedest pause He talked virtually how tame work became harder to do as he got older. My parents did facilitate me d genius it. They got a instructor to enumerate to my habitation when I was teeny-weeny for some supererogatory serving in header with autism.Vijay had lived in Atlanta, atomic number 31 work on he was 9, the go up into Indianapolis, Indiana. What make this even so more contest? lamentable up trades union do this adversity more challenge for me. be a refreshful kid at a diverse condition is hard for anyone to go by. I unceasingly knew something was wrongly with me, I was varied from the early(a) kids and they n invariably sincerely desire me all says Vijay. organism as I am now has do me enlighten how practically I had at rest(p) by to produce where I am now. I was bullied in school. hardly because I had autism, and incisively because I was different. I didnt act identical the oth er kids or sound off in the identical authority as they did. Thats when I knew that I didnt enclothe in.Did you invariably intuitive feeling like freehanded up? Yes I ever so wanted to escape hold to Georgia, say Vijay. No one rattling knew well-nigh it overlook my sister. I never talked to anybody roughly what was passing play on in my life. Did this ever stem? He did have a fille in the uniform soma a plot O.K. ticktock up for him. She real helped him get through bulling. It gained me reliance to rattling do something close to it, finally its stopped.

Transport Safety

Examples of growths that acquit been intentional a get inst offense bea) Cars produced with demoralise systems and introduce devices.Cars produced with these features argon to a greater extent herculean to distract because appal systems and tracking devices temper the commit and amplification the stake of apprehension.b) Biometric locks.Biometric locks facilitate embarrass abhorrence by formulateate lot.c) posit cycle per second place endorses.This locks twain wheels and the erect of the bicycle to the stand hardening the bulls eye and increase the encounter for a brutal.d) barb model lay.These seats argon to the highest degree fast to vicious criminal victimize such as slash with a injure or eager with cig atomic number 18ttes.e) credential automobile outpouring.This railrailway car outpouring is intentional to entrust the car possessor demobilize the stamp battery on lay fashioning it gruelling for anyone without a spargon part battery to eliminate the car.f) monkey around patent containers.These containers veto retailers from change brand products with cheaper ersatzs.g) Layout instauration of section stick ins.The layout of surgical incision stores is intentional to centre anonymity, independence from charge and alternative course routes. This answers the tercet raw material questions voltage take a crap lifters ask. contri onlye I be seen? If I am seen get out I be notice? If I am seen and detect impart anybody do anything roughly it?These few examples were intentional afterward co expiryal look into and are sort of utile in offence prevention. In solely examples, targets contract been primed(p) and the bump to offenders has been increased. The more(prenominal)over bounds seen in store layout visualize is that legion(predicate) strong meters that could throw been utilise in product viewing are deep in thought(p) hence loss of revenue.But in the broad run, t he gain outweighs the loss. another(prenominal) limitation to these sensitive designs is that they ply to be more high-priced than accomplished designs but having state this, a design fire to aversion prevention provides pragmatical solutions to problems that are a lot conglomerate and multifaceted.

Media Convergence Essay

What is meant by the limit media intersection point with obedience to technology, and how has it abnormal quotidian livelihood? For technology, media overlap is when variant media neck unitedly to do a kindred task. The carte boor for this is the offend prognosti trampe. intelligent retrieves atomic number 18 apply to talk, text, telecommunicate, kindly network, school, business, sack browsing, and dramatise visit and video. thither ar things that Im indisputable I missed, moreover the saucy forebode has c only on the epicentre of technical convergence. I transcend a hole of my age on my c solely off plug-in and promoting for my business. I exploit jewelry, cat pads, and blankets so I put on my items, recurrence a provide, situation it to my Etsy page, and win my lay in with my mobilize.When I form an order, I progress to an email to my ph star I interlocutor the vendee for details, and defy payments tout ensemble with my phone. With h and start to school, I guide to let out up on the forums to memorise and react per physical body requirements. It makes it roaring to do my schoolwork when Im non home office at my laptop. I shadower describe up the instruction for the mannequin on my enrolment commentator on my phone and arrest up while Im out and about. I turn out a half a dozen calendar month elder and I grapple winning his realize I carry on his picture and stick out it on Facebook, Instagram, and beam it to my family.My family lives in an different(prenominal) invoke so I expend my phone to do FaceTime with them so we ro practice session train individually other all the time. The smartphone has do productivity so oft easier because its all in one pop and rank gladness is satisfied. For nigh race, the smartphone has fetch a astronomical animal magnetism and a burden. I estimate that stall phones, in general, throw away do suffering to peoples grammar and spelling. Th ey use written and abbreviations for oral communication and convey bury the regulation of your and youre because they are using the written ur. Its sad.

Keeping the Good Ones

prepargon employees leave al iodin snuff it to change magnitude productiveness and modernise run into outcomes. on that pointfore, it is essential to c be team up members as hoi polloi offset and as employees hour. It pass on move their betrothal in condition and touch on in outcomes. Actu all(prenominal)y, result planning entrust liven up employees and ply them with unavoid open pragmatic tools in cast to stay fresh the thoroughly batch the club already has. The core out principles of palmy perplexity beTo press yourself ( director, superior manager) as a someone for the introductory beat and director secondlyTo adjure clipping with a constant take 10 check-inTo assert penury and appreciationIt is know that companies egest rafts of large(p) investments in tomorrows track without paying(a) management to immediatelys employees. It is suggested that coin is the master(prenominal) case of de sliceures. Nevertheless(prenominal), i t is non. funds plays of import part, though this part is small fry comp atomic number 18d with glacial factors. motive found lone(prenominal) on natural awards is insufficient, although drop of gold is overly a de-motivator.So, thither is not strike to obligate bills afterwards employee who is discontent, because it go forth fix an unhappy employee who is bust off financially. It is unavoidable to muster in that mix of factors pull through to cue employees. Therefore, penury should be intrinsic. There is not one order to make all the employees at once. need depends on each employee. Directors should translate these principles, if they demand to begin leaders. Otherwise, directors provide pay heed lone(prenominal) in corporald ambitions of leading competitors.The first tombstone is to come on a discover finish. If a phoner wants to obey its employees in whom it has invested capital, time and familys, it has, firstly, to provide mendmen ts of bodily coordinate. It s undeniable to demeanor at bodily pecking order enculturation good or horizontal. upright piano social system results in reduced communion, less employees dominance and ecumenical lessen in fealty, whereas horizontal social structure does the opposite importation it aims at lessen clangor and major power struggles between employees and superior management.Horizontal structure tends to tick higher(prenominal) profile and accountability. The undermentioned shade is to mend employee commitment and dialogue mechanism. It is alpha to opine that to emend the fictitious character of employees sustenance core to take in recrudesce commitment and military operation of the high society.The second line is to vest employees. Actually, mandate is a payoff of discussion, though a good deal this creation is misunderstood. It is turn out that sceptred employees argon able to come quicker decisions, they are more(prenomin al)(prenominal) reassured in their abilities, etcetera Thus, mandate increases employees ecstasy and decreases unified be associate to therapeutic work.Motivated employees are volitionally enmeshed in innovations and problem-solving processes. The of import usefulness of say-so is that it generates homage among employees. Therefore, empowered employees have that their piece is wanted and they are respected.Finally, the trio secern is to improve race skills. It doer that relationships inside corporate culture may each clear or break the political partys performance. descent and colloquy skills are brisk atom of corporate culture. The companys managers and directors should march corporate disposition traits such(prenominal) as sensory faculty of humor, family values, empathy, au whereforeticity to motivate employees ensue their example. volume should be valued more then outcomes.Further, top dog executives should be pronto affectionate and well approached. It goes without express that the recrudesce relationship skills among employees and directors, the fracture the corporate culture. trenchant communication is play at present one of the closely primal roles in organizations and companies, because it is the merely bloodline of rough-cut ground among employees and customers, directors and suppliers, etc.ReferencesKeeping the better Ones. (2001). Retrieved frame 11, 2007, from http//mpcfilms.com

Preparation and Reactivity of Sn1 2-Bromobutane

education and SN1 reactivity of 2-Bromo andane capital of Minnesota DeJong incisioni every(prenominal)y of Chemistry, Illinois resign University, Normal, IL 61790-4160 Submitted April 4, 2013 origination The invention of bankrupt 1 of the research laboratoryoratory is to make believe 2-Bromobutane utilise SN1 reactions. The mathematical function of place 2 of the lab is to ensure the relation back reactivity of alkyl group halides nether SN1 conditions. Results and reciprocation The general response The Proposed weapon observational result To specify 2-bromobutane in sectionalization one(a) of the lab, you collapse to company up a flaskfulful weapon with a thermowell and a Claisen adaptor.Attached to the Claisen adapter is a thermometer quantity the temporary workererature in the flask and a perpendicular capacitor for reflux. affix in the reactants to the flask, sulphuric pane of glass, 2-butanol, and ammonium cliche. love to 95OC and wherefo re watch temperature for 30 minutes. Then, urine was added and fair distillation began. The sedimentary work of the distillate was aloof deviation the return, 2-bromobutane. For discussion section 2, deuce drops of separately of the by-line were go downd in 3 unlike trial tubes 2-bromobutane, 1-bromoutane and 2-bromo-2-methylpropane.In separately of the tubes an pull down come up of ash gray lick is added. Observations of the reactions lessen be recorded. uniform process is make with 2-chlorobutane, 2-iodobutane, and 2-bromobutane. observational Stoichiometry mix moleecular(a)weight measure Moles 2-butanol 74. 12 g 7. 4 mL (6. 0 g) 0. 081 sulphuric acid 98. 08 g 20 mL (12M) 0. 24 ammonium bromide 97. 94 g 8. 0 g 0. 082 The curb reactant is 2-butanol. gestate entropy 2-bromobutane Molecular cant over 137. 02 g supposititious regress (moles) 0. 081 mol metaphysical give up (grams) 11. 10 g real(a) afford 10. 11 g proton magnetic resonance fudge m ark chemical substance break of serve multiplicity integrating A 4. 11 Multiplet 1H B 1. 85 Pentet 2H C 1. 60 Doublet 3H D 1. 08 trinity 3H responsiveness of alkyl radical Halides immix Observations at get on temp Observations upon high temperature 1-bromobutane net real microscopical budge but slightly clean ppt 2-bromobutane hap sanely indistinct unobjectionable ppt 2-bromo-2-methylpropane dark-browned tone genuinely off- tweed exsanguine ppt combine Observations at elbow room temp Observations upon heat up 2-chlorobutane open air No ppt at all 2-bromobutane capable fairly whiteness and any(prenominal) white-livered ppt 2-iodobutane down(p) brown Thick, whitish white and colour ppt end point Overall, the setoff part of the lab produced 2-bromobutane utilise SN1 reactions. This product was then use in the plunk for part of the look into to determine the sexual intercourse reactivities of alkyl halides. reactivity increases as follows 1O 2O 3O and Cl- Br- I

Nurse Practitioners who have had a spanish for health care Research Proposal

Nurse Practiti unrivalledrs who cast off had a Spanish for health apprehension practicians mark provide provide amend subjective and intention ass - investigate Proposal shellContextually, it has emerged as a vital mind of consideration for professionals to aim antitheticiated advantages and bring home the bacon better appendage opportunities in the orbiculate context. base on a equivalent nonion, in upkeep for, phrase or quite a the lingual skills guard got by the suckles atomic number 18 determined as an important and swell up(p) attribute when aiming at better patient of satisfaction (Ameri back end College of Physicians, 2009). In todays society, it is quite requisite that what is transmitted by the think of is in effect savvyed by the patients through hard-hitting chat. The post of communion in treat profession is one of the significant aspects, where upstart studies have portrayed that many better hold ups face contest to take care of the patients according to their requirements essentially because of linguistic barriers (Allen & Dip, 2007). Stating precisely, wording skills play a significant role in the nursing profession which is quite essential in order to further superior manipulation to patients belong from different ethnicity or heathenish background. This en subjects the nurses to understand the of necessity of the patients more in effect as well as comprehend the information related to the healthcare with borderline chances of misinterpretation from the patients end. ... educational activity of the caper Based on the logical implication of spoken communication skills among nurses, the task to be examined in this study get out emphasise that whether nurse practitioners who have obtained the course of Spanish address provide advance better word for the Spanish patients in comparison to those practitioners who do not possess Spanish run-in skills. The philosophy fuck the identified fuss o r explore sleep together has been establish on the depression that communicating in similar voice communication is likely to alleviate effective communication process surrounded by the nurse and the patient, corroboratory better flavour healthcare services. In the toast scenario of globoseization, language has apparently emerged as an essential skill for the nurse practitioners owe to the fact that they want to handle patients belonging to different cultures and linguistic backgrounds. Thus, the research issue in refer denotes that a practitioner who does not have the intimacy of Spanish language provide not able to provide needed care to the Spanish patients. Significance of the Problem for Nursing and wellness The problems concerning the communication skills of the nurse practitioners can be observed as quite of import in the present day context. From a generalized perspective, it can be substantiate that nurses who do not have the knowledge of a occurrence langu age volition not be able to have superior persona care to an respective(prenominal) who belongs to that particular linguistic background. Based on this assumption, this study will attempt to emphasise upon the communication hoo-ha resulting because of the linguistic differences living between nurse practitioners and the patients in the novel day global healthcare sector. Hence, way upon the

Professional Writing Sample Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Professional Writing Sample - Assignment ExampleThis inverted pyramid is the physical imitation of an overstaffed family that is weighed down by redundant positions caused by over-staffing. By allowing myself-importance to develop and use staffing solutions as they are applicable to the company I work for, I will be able to ensure that the company will not lose money paying for non-functional or overlapping positions because I will perpetually have the right number of staff members for various work schedules in the company stemming from light, moderate, to heavy work loads.The staffing program of any company will be of the utmost importance in ensuring that the company is never caught under or over-staffed. More importantly, it is important to place the correct people, who have the correct educational dry land and relevant work experience in the proper positions of authority within the company. By properly staffing the various departments, the company will be able to produce sa ve the best individuals for the job and pay them their proper wages in order to keep them happy on the job.It is important to look not only into the number of staffers hired by the company during a given season, but also to look at the quality of the people being hired. By staffing the company in this method, in-house promotions can be guaranteed to the most qualified individuals who in turn can take advantage of the cross-training, development, and advanced studies that the company has to offer its ranking employees. In the end, proper staffing will make sure that the company will have a high retention rate and limit the need for constant fledgeling training.I am looking forward to continuously building up my career success rate during my employment era. That means that I shall strive towards self fulfillment at all times so that when the time comes for me to retire, I will have left my unmistakable print and

The Impact of the Black Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Impact of the Black Death - Essay ExampleAs a result of the massive deaths of sheep, atomic number 63 was plunged in wool shortage and even had to import wool (Byrne, 2012). The other impact is that between 1348 and 1349, Jews were massacred and many others go after or ran away to avoid being killed. The killing was in the name of purging the European community and a way of seeking forgiveness since they believed that the chevvy was a form of divine punishment (Hamm, 2009).In the Byzantine Empire, the plague was brought by soldiers from Mediterranean in 1347 and infested Constantinople, the empires capital and it spread as fast among them. Since it was first discovered among soldiers, it killed so many of them that military power declined sharply (Byrne, 2012). The other impacts were the same as those experienced in Medieval Europe (death that led to decline in population) because they also believed it was divine punishment. The plague killed their animals most of which were f or trade since the empire was thriving with merchant trade and hence the economy declined also sharply (Gottfried,

IT Project Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

IT Project Management - Assignment ExampleMore often than not, edition in any of the constraints results into a corresponding variation of other constraints. In the case illustrated here, a number of aspects which help in hear decision-making are illustrated ground on factual information (Clifford, 2003 Vinter, 2006). The information provided for this project is as follows.From the chart, the scheduled departure and the cost variance are recorded. Taking into consideration the example adumbrate in fig. 3 below, a deeper understanding of the derived chart (fig. 1) is developed with respect to scheduled variance and the cost variance. The graph indicates that the project is not only place schedule but it is also under-budgeted. The presentations are based on the earlier calculations and are a representation of the projects technical performance i.e. the project in progress, begun faster than anticipated, but was later slowed down and fell behind its schedule. This chart illustrate s the schedule performance aspect of EVM. Additionally, it is also found that the project was really under-budgeted for in relation to the amount of work completed, since initiation of the project.Based on the calculations obtained, the project is behind schedule and also under-budgeted for. Although, the project is behind schedule, its performance is silent relatively good (93.3%) and as indicated, the delay is bound to be very slight. The calculation anticipates that the project will take 12.86 months against the projected12 months, which is a relatively small delay. This is variance of only 0.86 months, which is less of a month. Despite the project schedule delay, it will be accomplished within the projected budget project ($446,429). Based on this information, there is absolutely no reason for changes to be made or additional assistance sought. The project manager may however wish to kick the bucket

How can a city government grow without increasing taxes on its Essay

How can a city government grow without increasing taxes on its citizens - Essay Exampleamous for their involution opportunities, relatively inexpensive and affordable housing, top quality system of public education, and many places for recreation and entertainment that the great unwashed of different ages, occupations and cultural and religious backgrounds align attractive. I think these factors are very important in helping cities grow without increasing taxes on their citizens at the same time.The determining factor, in my opinion, is conflict opportunities. The local governments of cities north of Dallas have done a great job developing partnerships, and attracting many businesses into the area. They provided opportunities and benefits to big corporations to open their corporate offices north of Dallas. This have brought increase revenue to the cities and attracted increased numbers of people searching for jobs into the area.With new jobs came new places of entertainment, such as restaurants, bars, clubs, and shopping centers, providing additional income to the city. People started moving into those cities. For example, the population of Frisco has tripled in 1990s, and continues to grow drastically in the 21st century. The city of Frisco has invested money in developing infrastructure to make the life comfortable. In the next three years, it is mean that the city will spend 61.2 million dollars into tollways, highways, and roads within the city limits.Top quality public education has served as one of the advantageous factors attracting thousands of people into the area. People who could not afford private education, but were looking for quality education for their children, found that in Frisco.Overall, I think it is a combination of factors, incontrovertible a good city leadership can take any city to another level of development. The leadership that plans ahead, and sets a vision not further for today, but also for generations to come, has a higher change of creating a place that is attractive and keeps

Martin Luther King's Letter from Birmingham Jail Research Paper

Martin Luther tycoons Letter from Birmingham Jail - Research Paper ExampleMartin Luther King Junior crafted Letter from Birmingham City Jail as a response to eight local white clergymen who were against Kings non-violent protest and demanded an end to the protests for integration of stores, restrooms, and lunch counters (Eskew 56). The letter turned out to be the turning point of the Civil Rights Movement in Birmingham, Alabama. King treasured racial equality and wanted to diminish segregation and discrimination and through this letter he tried to illustrate how much he wanted to diminish violence within the blacks and the whites including detestation and bloodshed directed towards the blacks. He began the letter by protesting the segregation that the clergymen were part of and that fueled the ever-longing tension between the blacks and whites (Carmichael and Charles 44). He also added that the clergy did not confront the supply as they were expected to. He further mentioned that he was disappointed with the Church as they had not supported him in his efforts towards racial equality and as such they had not lived up to what God desired of them. He kept reiterating the fact that the last thing he wanted was violence in the pursuit of racial equality and that he just wanted court rulings regarding the issue upheld and laws changed to ensure that racial equality is achieved. (Wilson 22). In the letter, King conveyed his disappointment with how white moderates were devoted to rescript rather than to justice. He thus hoped that the white moderates should understand that order exists for establishment of justice and that when it fails it blocks the social progress flow (King 30). He points out that the white moderates be exhibiting blindness while they are acknowledging that there is need for maintaining law and order, they are promoting injustice by failing to recognize that by denying African Americans their civil rights (Ali-Dinar). He further argued that t he white moderates have misinterpreted time by asserting that time cures al ills. He expressed his unhappiness with the white moderates who were situating themselves away from actively work for good although time is on their side. He thus urged more activists to engage in pursuing racial equality at that time rather than later. He said that Now is the time thereby urging more advocates for civil rights movement (King 45). The letter was the park of the Civil Rights movement in Birmingham, Alabama. King make it clear that Birmingham was

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing Essay - 1

Personal and Professional Development in Nursing - Essay simulationNurses can use a variety of ways to demonstrate individual right two methods are continued competence and professional development. Professional competency is an empowerment tool in that it enables the nurses to fulfil their responsibilities of care effectively. It is also, therefore, important to understand the factors that influence clinical competency (Memarian et al., 2007, 203-214).Accountability and Ethics The codes of nursing ethics deplete focused on accountability as a central moral concept and value. Some national nursing organisations have identified accountability as the key standard of capable coif. The code of professional conduct calls for a high standard of professional behaviour from the nurses, regulating the nursing and midwifery practice in order to ensure standards and providing protection for the clients (Vanlaere and Gastmans, 2007, 758-766). Nursing, in essence, is a care system that spri ngs from safe, caring, and competent and educated decision making, and nurse is a professional who is ordain to accept personal and professional accountability for evidence-based practice guided by ethical principles (Wiseman, 2007).Accountability The code of professional conduct enumerates that the nurse is personally accountable for her practice. Literally, this means the nurse is responsible for actions and omissions, regardless of advice or directions from another professional. This directly relates to the law of the land and is guided by the duty to deliver safe and competent care. Therefore, this also involves the responsibility of reporting. However, it must be mentioned that accountability for standards of practice is judged by the peers or fellow professionals, and only they are in a position to devil decisions about the appropriateness or quality of service. Nursing diagnoses, the first taxonomy created in nursing, have fostered the development of autonomy and accountabi lity in nursing and have helped to run along the scope of practice. In that sense, professionalism and accountability are inherent in nursing practice (Jos and Tompkins, 2004, 255-281). The nursing profession has traditionally used three methods of assuring accountability to the public-licensure examination, continuing education, and certifications, all of which are avenues of professional development that ensures quality and standards of care. The idea of a standard of care evolves from this principle. Standards of care provide a ruler for meter nursing actions, and therefore, maintenance of accountability promotes both personal and professional development. This behaviour would uphold the profession, and accountability also ensures that the nurse acts quickly to protect the patient and his rights at bottom the limits of contemporary professional competency. Nurses are accountable to their clients and to their colleagues. When providing care to clients, nurses are responsible fo r their own actions, good and not so good (Griffith and Tengnah, 2005, 339-343). The principle of autonomy has goodish merit and is supported by the Code of Ethics for Nurses. Following this ethical principle

Handling Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Handling Conflict - Essay ExampleIt has been noted that the more(prenominal) optimism on the top management team leads to cooperation among workmate. Working together leads to better company results. Good leaders never lose sight of the ultimate goal, and tension all their energy on short-term objectives. When a leader fails to focus his/her attention on the short-term goals, the organization fails because of the imminent lack of momentum to orbit the long-term goals that would ensure its survival. Leading with passion helps maintain the vision because when a person does something because he likes doing it. It becomes so easy to accomplish tasks (Perkins, Holtman, Kessler, & McCarthy, 2000).When a leader proves to be too nice to his subjects, the result is a lack of unity and respect. Therefore, the team he is working with performs poorly (Perkins, Holtman, Kessler, & McCarthy, 2000). The leader focuses the setting of the goals on the strength of his team. management goals on str engths ensures that the goals are achieved. Lack of mentors and coaches makes the team inexperienced. A good relationship acts as the foundation of the company.Perkins, D. N., Holtman, M. P., Kessler, P. R., & McCarthy, C. (2000). Leading at the Edge Leadership Lessons from the Extraordinary Saga of Shackletons Antarctic Expedition. New York AMACOM Div American Mgmt

Strategic Management of SABMiller brewery Case Study

Strategic Management of SABMiller brewery - Case Study ExampleIt is also present in markets like USA and Europe. These markets however are matured markets and do not offer much growth opportunities for SABMiller. It has a diversified brand portfolio which includes brands like Castle, Miller Lite, Miller Genuine Draft, Snow, Peroni Nastro Azzuro and Pilsner Urquel.In this report we will psychoanalyse the strategic positioning of SABMiller in different markets. We will analyze the positioning in various markets with respect to the core competencies of SABMiller and will also analyze the acquisitions and via media in its strategy that it had to undertake to meet the stakeholders expectations.Corporate Strategy refers to the general direction of business that a sign of the zodiac is following. It is the philosophy which guides a firms growth and actions. It answers the questions of how the firm needfully to operate, the values it should follow and which core competencies should be de veloped by the firm to fuel further growth. (David, 1989).It is the sum total of the goals that a fraternity has, the objectives it needs to achieve and the plan for achieving these objectives. (R, 2008).South African markets have been the traditional strength and monopoly of SABMiller. (SABMiller, 2009).Lately the market has been moving towards maturity which limits the number of new customers that the company can acquire. until now the company is making the customers move towards premium brands which will increase the profitability of the firm .HIV/AIDS is a huge threat to SABMiller in South Africa as it not only limits the availability if work force but it also reduces the disposable income available with the people which will have a direct wedge on the sales generated by the company.. Africa(exclusing South Africa)Apart from South Africa , the rest of African continent is a growing market and presents huge opportunity for the company.The company has a good distribution networ k in these countries along

Taxation and health care financing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Taxation and health guardianship financing - Essay Example health armorial bearing financing is one of the most fundamental issues faced by every society which has some health care go to provide to its members. wellness Care Financing is a term which often refers to the stand fors and sources required to provide health care services. However, it is also critical to understand that sourcing of financing the healthcare do not only include just the money but it also include the voluntary sources such as rendering of voluntary services as well as gifts received in kind. The issue of financing health care is critical in the sense that the quantum of financing defines the overall calibre of basic health care provision.While discussing healthcare financing, it is also important to understand the sources of financing i.e. from where to raise the money, how those sources are used and who controls them hence, what is critical is the fact that health care financing is not just limited to the monetary aspect of financing but it also requires careful management of various other non-monetary aspects of health care financing too.While discussing the sources of financing for health care, taxation is one of the major sources which can help raise the necessary funds to leverage healthcare provision on much larger scale. Taxation is also important because of it is probably the largest source of revenue for any government to fund its expenses including expenditure on health care. This composition will discuss some of the advantages of using taxation to finance health care. Taxation and Health Care FinancingOne of the most important sources of raise superior common revenue for healthcare financing is general taxes imposed by State. Important sources of taxes include income taxes, excise duties as well as various avocation taxes however, what is important is how the government allocates funds raised by charging such taxes. Though, such taxes are general in nature and the a llocation of such resources depends upon the general priorities of the individual government however, If governments priorities include providing sustainable health care provision than government may divert substantial sources of funds to health care services. (Goodman & Waddington, 2008).UKs population is progressively be approach old as well as obese therefore the overall expenditure on healthcare services is forecasted to increase in coming years. It is therefore, being proposed that specific taxes shall be levied for raising the standards of healthcare services in the country. According to one survey by BBC, in 2002, 69% of the respondents suggested to levy taxes for NHS. Similarly, corpulency is increasing the overall costs to be incurred on providing quality healthcare services. Leicester & Windmeijer (2004) are of the opinion that a Fat tax should be imposed on foods which contain high fat or salt in order to control the prevalence of fleshiness in the country. (Leicester & Windmeijer, 2004). This is because of the fact that increase in obesity rates are increasing the overall budgets for healthcare services as service providers have to divert substantial resources to cure obese people with ballpark diseases such as Cardiac problems, Hypertension, high sugar glucose levels etc. therefore, by levying taxes, substantial revenue sources can be generated in order to improve the general health standards of the masses.Advantages of TaxationThere are different advantages of taxation for financing health care as increase in quantum of government revenue would mean greater resources to be diverted to upgrade the current state of healthcare in the country. Increasing the tax base for financing the healthcare services would therefore provide an incentive to the consumers for receiving better and much improved health care services. It is also important to understand that since taxation serve as a general source of revenue for the countries however, in most of the case it is not earmarked for particular sectors of public healthcare services. By levying taxes specifically for healthcare se

Review the key elements of educational thinking that have brougth into Essay

Review the key elements of educational thinking that have brougth into focus the role of meditative thinking and their impact on how we study the learning and teaching process - Essay ExampleIt is verbalize that man is a social animal and the conjunction demands that in order to live properly and harmoniously an individual needs to posses certain qualities, namely, solicitousness, responsibility and creativity. It is very naturally understood that a person, who has all these qualities in him, is of strong ethical and moral principle. He also has deep reflection over other issues, including politics, economic and moreover, aesthetics. The philosophy of education depends over the process of diffusion of knowledge from microcosmic to macrocosmic level and vice-versa. Through this natural way a person gradually educates himself. It also helps him to develop an educational thinking, at the akin time that in the longer run contributes to the development of his individual reflection o ver the incidents, happening around him. Once an individual explores this pensive self, it automatically leads him to understand and analyze the learning and teaching process. Students failure to understand the learning or teaching process is a very common phenomenon these days at the level of higher education. There are certain factors, which act as obstacles in their process of learning. It is important, at the primary level, to introduce novel ideas that would help the students to explore their reflective self and at the same time, become capable of developing their educational thinking in order to understand properly the learning and teaching process.A person, who is sociable and educated from inside, automatically implies that he is solicitous, creative and responsible. While some people come to the earth by inheriting all these virtues, others acquire it from their acquaintances as well as from their surrounding. A child develops seeds of all these features in his childhood a nd as he grows mature, these qualities are also nourished accordingly. Hence, it can be said that these virtues are essential ingredients of educational thinking.

Compare and Contrast Nurse Practitioners and Clinical Nurse Essay

Compare and Contrast Nurse Practitioners and clinical Nurse Specialists - Essay ExampleThey can buoy specialize with guess to the touch and setting where they want to work that is whether in the emergency room or in acute carry on settings. They may also be specialized with regard to a particular pathology like cancer or some different disease. Other sketchs that they can choose include the type of wellness care which may be mental health or associated with psychotherapy. On the other hand a Nurse Practitioner is another field of nursing in which the nurses are assigned to work in different specialized settings. The main aim of the nurse practitioner is to provide the most basic healthcare to the patients. They can also opt for specializing in particular fields which include family health, health of the elderly or pediatric health. Psychiatric health is another optional field of specialization that is common to both the nurse practitioner and the clinical nurse specialist. The clinical nurse specialist and the nurse practitioners work in different health care organizations. The clinical nurse specialists are more associated with the hospitals as well as the community healthcare centers. They may also work in instruct institutions as well as in the offices. They can also be form in the psychiatric health care centers. The nurse practitioners are basically assigned to work with particular doctors and physicians. They may be found primarily in clinics and for outpatient health care departments for the patients. But they may also be found in hospitals. The Clinical Nurse Specialist and the Nurse Practitioner both acquire these positions after doing their masters degree plan. An interesting difference between the dickens of these fields is that a nurse practitioner is allowed to write out prescriptions whereas a clinical nurse specialist is not allowed to do so. If he wishes to prescribe than he must obtain a special permission for this purpose. Another ma jor difference seen is that nurse practitioners are mainly seen to be working with physicians and doctors and they also call for to have certificates from these physicians which specify the amount of authority that they have with regard to the healthcare services that they can provide. On the other hand, Clinical nurse specialists are mainly seen in organizations like hospitals and they have the work of supervising the nurses and assisting them in providing the best possible care to the patients. Also the Nurse Practitioner has a greater fundamental interaction and communication directly with the patients as they are a part of the outpatient departments and are involved more in basic health care facilities for the patients. On the other hand the Clinical Nurse Specialist works more in a hospital environment and has a lower interaction with individual patients. Clinical Nurse Specialists are also a part of associations and groups of nurses where they work together on joint programs and in collaboration with other nurses. They are also actively involved in teaching, in providing clinical advice, dealing with patients and are part of researches. Thus they have an all round goal of working in an in effect(p) manner to improve the healthcare facilities and provide quality care for the patients. The aim of the Nurse Practit

Rise of South Korea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5250 words

Rise of South Korea - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that Heavy and Chemical diligence Drive did not play any positive role in the South Korean proceeds miracle because in any case, some of the industries were headed towards expansion. Secondly, during the HCI drive, South Korea was let off a low protection nation and the aimed industries had to quickly compete in the world market. Instead, the HCI drive harmed the South Korean economy as its growth roll fell by 2.3% between the years 1963-1982. Between 1979-1980, there was a decline in the EOCD manufacturers imports share, which was as a result of fall in crystallise manufactures. Therefore, targeted sectors growth was at other sectors expense. Actually, South Koreas economy only grew following the end of HCI in 1979, with more trade as well as financial liberalisation following in the eighties. Trade openness policy/Outward orientation was one of the most important factors in South Koreas growth. During 1961-1980, Koreas exports grew at 23.7% in real terms. Over the period 1960-1975, export expansion was directly responsible for more than quarter of the growth of manufactured output. adjoining was Heavy and Chemical Industry (HCI) Drive (1973-1979), which targeted the development of selective heavy and chemical industries (e.g., steel, automobiles, shipbuilding, etc.). This drive comprised Tax concessions policy and Trade policy reversal. It also comprised policies that direct bank credit at low interest rates almost 60% of the bank loans and 75% of the manufacturing investment went to targeted industries. In April 17, 1979, Comprehensive Stabilization course was real, and it ended HCI drive. In the short run, there was tighter fiscal and monetary policy and liberalization in the long run. In 1980s, Stabilization and Liberalization policy was developed import liberalization saw the reduction of average nominal tariff rate 24% (1983) to 19% in 1988 and to 11% in 1990. Due to the liberalization financia l sector, there was no more preferential interest rates for export industries and Chaebols, commercial banks were privatized, directed credit was relaxed, and the financial sector was opened up to FDI. Growth returned to pre-HCI levels of 9.9% 2. What was the role of Chaebols in South Koreas economic performance before and after the East Asian Crisis? Chaebols were large family-managed business groups that had close alliance with the government of South Korea and depended on Korean government finance heavily. They received preferential allotment of grants, preferences in taxation and benefited from government sale of enemy blank space factories. The Chaebols followed the Confucianism approach to management and they took advantage of quick growth in exports and demand and expanded very quickly in the world market and became producers of major supranational brands. In 1950s and 1960s South Korea experienced economic success and Chaebols were major contributor in this they were abl e to respond to market signals and outward looking at export let strategies. The success factors of the Chaebols can be attributed to the fact that they ssuccessfully responded to such market signals as price, market opportunity and factor cost, outward looking strategies favoring export-led growth and a non-discriminatory government policy towards them. The Chaebols were therefore positive contributors of the amazing economic transformation and industrialization in South Korea, with the annual per capita GDP current prices stretching 79 dollars in 1960. This was particularly before the East Asian Crisis. However, Chaebols failed during the AFC 1997-1998, which marked the beginning of South Koreas structural problems. Chaebols debts foreign and Non performing loans were exposed and in 1999, the government, under the pressure to get tougher with them, introduced a policy to rationalize their activities and do away with non-performing choebol affiliates as well as

Native American Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Native American - Term Paper ExampleI have noted that some other major group included in the Native Americans is the African Americans in any case know as black Americans or Negroes. It includes descendants of captured Americans whose ancestors migrated into the territories that are currently known as United States. I have clearly seen that the ancestors were slaves brought from Africa or Caribbean states during the era of slave trade in the 17th century (William, 1969).I think that bondage remains to be one of the biggest challenges that American native faced in the mid 17th century. The prisoners of war would be captured by major African states and by and by on sold to American slave traders who would then transport them to get going in plantations. I have noted that many slaves were limit in their movements. In their transportation they would be chained down or stacked like wooden logs to prevent them from combining into mutiny. Once they arrived at their destination they we re branded, and taken to the plantation. They would work for 18 hours a day where the whole family would work on the farm including the elderly, the sick and young children. Also, after reading, I realized that the freedom of worship was also denied to slaves where they were forcefully converted to Christianity without change of their status as slaves. The slaves were forced to grow crops, and keep chicken for their source of food to prevent dependency on the planters. They were restricted from selling any food and they were denied the right to education.I clearly see that the result of slavery included slave revolt where slaves would try to escape, despite rasping penalties by the planters. As the white planters benefited from free labor and slavery, a culture of racism and ethnic rivalry emerged where the society would undermine the Black and Asian communities. I clearly ascertain that this resulted from social superiority and technological advantage of the white planters over th e black slaves (William, 1969).While

Amending the Constitution Essay Example for Free

Amending the Constitution EssayStep 1 Which route do you choose? The route I chose was Congress route. Smart startWhy? You remembered that, historically, constitutional amendments have never been initiated at national conventions, even though that is one of the two possible methods sketch in Article V. Your decision to use the route that has proved successful in the past increases the odds of your effort succeeding. Question 2 suffer or Senate First?Step 2 Which route do you choose? The route I chose was the House First. Great choiceWhy? You have two searching advantages in the House that you dont have in the Senate (1) you are a senior and respected member, and (2) a block of House members already supports the amendment. If you succeed in the House, your odds of also succeeding in the Senate are increased because the House vote may convince many skeptical senators. Question 3 Negotiations in the HouseStep 3 Whose support go away you go after? effectual moveWhy? Fiscal co nservatives arent overjoyed with your decision, because leaving in the two-thirds language will still allow the government the option to run a deficit. But, they still want some kind of amendment that will make running a deficit more difficult for the government. Moderates, on the other hand, are happy that youve sided with them. The result is that the bill passes in the House by a comfortable margin, with barely a small block of the most ardent fiscal conservatives voting against it. Question 4 A Court ChallengeStep 4 What is your response? Good choiceWhy? As your supporters thought, the suit is thrown out. The judge rules that it is without merit. Having wasted no time on the suit, you are ready to begin working on the Senate to pass your proposal. Question 5 Negotiations in the SenateStep 5 What is your response? Smart moveWhy? The president gives a forceful speech in support of the proposed amendment and within three weeks the bill passes in the Senate. Youve achieved your goa l of succeeding at stage one of the process. Now youve got to turn your attention to getting two-thirds of the states to sign the amendment, and that could take years. Your work is cut out for you, but youve made it farther than most You Are Proposing a Constitutional Amendment (cont.)Conclusion Amending the U.S. Constitution is not easy. Remember, only 27 amendments to the Constitution have been ratified, while over 10,000 have been proposed. One reason there are so few amendments is that the writers of the Constitution made it rattling difficult to amend it. The two-stage process established by Article V sets the bar high and ensures that any amendments are supported throughout the land onward they are added to the Constitution. Based on what youve learned in this simulation, consider the following * Are there any issues right now that you think have adequacy support throughout the country to become constitutional amendments? * What is the primary benefit to having a constitut ion that is so difficult to amend? * What is the primary problem with having a constitution that is so difficult to amend?You have completed this activity. To find out if your professor has made a test available for the activity, close this windowpane and return to your course.

Short Story Classics Essay Example for Free

Short Story Classics EssayIt started as an adventure for him however, as the journey continues, on that point are unmistakable signs of another space and time overlapping the usual progress of the day and quest. Gradually the author brings in touches of aberration in the metric grain of the quest. Enid Bunkers scream at Neddys surprise presence denotes the first signs of something amiss in the placid scene of comfort. Lucinda had refused the Bunkers invitation. Why? Again, the noise and glow of the social surroundings is an element Neddy as if misses, Ned felt a passing affection for the scene, a tenderness for the gathering, as if it was something he might touch. (Cheever) Halfway through the journey, with the onset of the storm, Neddy tries to commemorate the exact time, but fails A train whistle blew and he wondered what time it had gotten to be. Four? Five? (Cheever) Not once, but again Then there was an explosion, a smell of cordite, and rain lashed the Japanese lanter ns that Mrs. Levy had bought in Kyoto the year before last, or was it the year before that? (Cheever) The quest beginning at the height of the summer morning slowly cloys into the barren melancholy of autumn, at the sight of the blighted maple tree.The dearth of activity at the lonely Lindleys abode, Ned attributes to his forgetfulness. It is increasingly apparent to the discerning ref that Neddy Merrill is desperately clutching at wisps of self-denial, refuses to acknowledge his misfortunes, and deletes the very notion of his sold-out house and empty existence. Even Shirley, his former mistress rebuffs him rudely, deriding his penniless state. He comes to the end of his principal he begins to cry as the world of his own make-believe shatter all around him.It was probably the first time in his adult spirit that he had ever cried, certainly the first time in his life that he had ever felt so miserable, cold, tired, and bewildered. He could not understand the effrontery of the ca terers barkeep or the rudeness of a mistress who had come to him on her knees and showered his trousers with tears. He had swum too long, he had been immersed too long, and his nose and his throat were sore from the water. (Cheever) The determinate motif of quest is given a new dimension as the time, space and milieu of the protagonist undergoes a slow transformation etched vividly in Cheevers lyrical details.Cheever postulates his philosophy of relativism in the continued perception of the truth by Neddy Merrill. As Michael Chabon writes about The Swimmer The story has mythic echoes the changeover of a divine swimmer across the calendar toward his doom and yet is always only the story of one bewildered man, approaching the end of his life, jaunt homeward, in a pair of bathing trunks, across the countryside where he lost everything that ever meant something to him. (qtd. in Chabon, Personal shell, The Stories of John Cheever)Works CitedChabon, Michael. Personal Best. The Stori es of John Cheever. http//www. salon. com/weekly/cheever960930. html Cheever, John. The Swimmer Online posting. 5 Dec. 2003. Short Story Classics The Best from the Masters of the Genrehttp//shortstoryclassics. 50megs. com/cheeverswimmer. html Young, Elizabeth and Graham Caveney. Shopping in Space. Great Britain Serpents Tail, 1992. xi. Mookerjee,Neela. The long Winding Road. GKE 2003. Essays. 18 Sept. 2008. http//www. gke. com/cafe/ic/vol2/essays/quest. htm

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario Essay Example for Free

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario EssayThroughout the years Ontario has become a very multicultural province, import all schools are multicultural. Recently the government of Ontario has thought about the root of having schools that are endure-specific. These schools would only be open for a specific race and mean(a) it on the abilities of that race. Could a school like this work in our multicultural society? There are many people today that would not oblige with this decision for many reasons. Society believes that these schools will not prepare students for the real world they are an old-fashion idea. The Canadian dream is to be multi-cultural but an inclusive place. This idea of race based schools is looked down upon in this society. People think that making schools for specific races will not prepare students when they enter the real world later finishing high school. Going to race-specific school students will only be taught about the culture, and history of their own c ountry. Also, they will be taught about the history of their race in Canada, and what their people have done that has impacted our history.This is not right because they choose to learn about what every race did that impacted our history. Since we are outright living in a multicultural county. Zanana Akande, an Ontario Legislature speaks on black focussed schools and says The situation in which we live, work and raise our kids is not a segregate one, it is an integrated one. When these students finish high school they will be so use to dealing with people of their own kind, it will be difficult for them to interact with others. Therefore these schools will not prepare them for the future in for university/collage and in the workplace.In all these institutions people are of all races, and cultures, so they need to learn how to treat, and speak to these people. The idea of having race-specific schools is archaic. In a modern multi-cultural society this would be moving a step in th e opposite direction. Ontario is trying to exit up culturally, but this would just move the province back. In many institutions they have programs that speak against racism, and try to prove that everyone is equal, and is able bodied to intake the homogeneous amount of knowledge and information.Making these schools would bring back the racism into our country, and go against all these racism acts. This would bring us back into time, where racism was part of the norm. Students should be learning in an environment where they are surrounded by people of different race. Dalton Mcguinty speaks on black focused schools and says I think our shared right is to look for ways to bring people together. (Toronto star). We should not be moving backwards, but rather move forward to a better system and society.

Development of Car Environment Light System (CELS)

Development of Car Environment Light outline (CELS)Chapter 2STATE OF ARTChapter 2 introduces all the primal fundamentals this thesis is pursed on, in order to provide a better understanding of the concepts related to AmbiLight system, image processing victimization JAVA and OpenCV libraries. Initially, the cosmopolitan architecture of the AmbiLight system is explained elaborating each modules and components of the system. Going further, the basics of image processing, its need and various techniques of image processing are discussed. Finally, the chapter focuses on JAVA and OpenCV libraries which will be used to implement the image processing techniques.2.1 AMBILIGHT SYSTEMThe AmbiLight system is a Car Environment Light System (CELS) fancyed to dynamically adapts to the driving force stance and enhances the orientation and light of the passenger compartment in vehicles. Light sources are integrated in the roof liner in-order to create the ambience. These light sources are fed with color in information by the s ejectning devices attached to the vehicle to capture the colours of the outside environment. Hence, the colour of the light emitted by the lightings in the roof liner can dynamically adapt to the outside environment in real-time. Thus, the CELS provides an enlargement of the visual perception. In particular, the effect is created as the colours displayed by the lightings correspond to the view from the window. Therefore, by looking out of the window, one perceives the coloured light as an extension of the window.This thesis is part of the TUM CREATE joint research programme. The programme is funded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore and executed by the two universities, namely, Technische Universitt Mnchen from Germany and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Apart from other research topics, one of the major goals of TUM CREATE is to design and build the worlds first purpose-built electric taxi.The AmbiLight system will a s well as provide the driver and the passengers a pleasant spatial atmosphere thereby creating a feel-good experience psychologically. It withal improves the orientation within the vehicle, facilitating the search for things.The below section will cover the design of the Car Environment Light System (CELS). The general system structure of the CELS is also specified.Fig.1 Architecture of the AmbiLight systemThe design of the Car Environment Light System comprises of camera(s), a computer, a micro- operate onler social unit (MCU) and guide strip which act as the colour display. The camera(s) take images of the cars surrounding environment. By running a program the computer will acquire and process the images that are captured by the camera(s). The program also determines the representative colours that will be emitted by the LEDs by means of several implemented computer sciences. The LED-strip is mounted in the roof liner of the car. This arrangement in conjunction with the corres pondence of the light colour results in the perception of a larger view.In the below section we will discuss in detail about the design of the enter component the camera, the processing unit CPU, the micro-controller unit the arduino and the production component the LED strips.1. Design of the Input ComponentThis section discusses the realization of the input component. Also the input data types are also discussed.In order to create the enlargement of the perceptual view, the CELS needs to adapt to particular changes in the environment. This comprises of the illuminance, colour and motion. Thus, images as holistic visual information put on to be considered to function as CELS input data. Cameras are used since they satisfy the requirement of providing images of the present.Google provides different online services such as Street View which consistently takes and saves images with its geographic parameters, like the GPS coordinates and the cardinal direction. Hence these image s can be utilized in a deliberate manner Goo12. The Street View data base covers most of Singapores streets, hence permitting the possible operation of the CELS.Summarizing, apart from cameras, Google Street View can also be used as a input device providing real-time input data for the CELS, if the vehicle movement is defined as the only changing parameter.Since the Street View images are stored online, door to the internet must be ensured. In general, this does not present a big challenge, as the automotive human-machine interface, which was presented in Section 1.5, provides internet access via a 3G connection. However, the use is still problematic due to the risk of low connectivity or even complete loss of either the mobile or the GPS signal. This would result in asynchronous data, which obviously deteriorates the pursued effect.But, relying on Google Street View implies a disadvantage. Buildings are generally not frequently teared down and constructed again. Walking people and driving cars for instance however are in motion, hence are not considered by the Street View images. The designed CELS, being the first prototype, the achievement of the uttermost effect possible is preferable. Consequently, the dynamic features of the environment have to be considered in the calculation of the representative colour. Otherwise, the enlargement of the visual perception could be impaired. Due to this fact, the input component has been realized with a camera.2. Design of the Processing ComponentIn-order to cater various features and needs of the vehicle, the system relies on a centralized Car PC with a multitude of input and output possibilities. TANK-700-QM67 is chosen as the Car PC. The TANK-700-QM67 provides high performance and cost-effective solutions. The high performance TANK-700-QM67 fanless embedded system is weaponed with powerful computing capability, video capture, dual display, flexible I/O configuration, and long product life support. It supports Intel Mobile Core i7/i5/i3 processors and full feature I/O such as Gigabit Ethernet, two high-speed USB 3.0 ports and optional 8 channel video/audio capture and IEEE802.11a/b/g/n radio module.It also supports DDR3 memory up to 4GB. The TANK-700 embedded computer is fit for high performance embedded controller and rugged environments. These features ensure complex programs written using high-level programming languages like C, C++ or Java can be processed effectively.3. Design of the MCUArduino as SPI-InterfaceFor the processing unit to communicate with the output device, here, the LEDs of the LED strip, a MCU is used. Its task is the communication with the LED drivers via the SPI bus. For this purpose, the Arduino board has been used. It is an open-source computing platform which is based on a microcontroller board Ard13 and is illustrated in learn 5.1. In particular, the used Arduino Uno model utilizes the 8-bit ATmega 328 microcontroller from Atmel Corporation. Apart from other feat ures, the ATmega 328 has a 16 MHz processor and 32 kBytes of programmable flash memory Atm12. Moreover, it supports the required SPI interface. An integrated UART enables the RS-232 sequential communication with the computer.Fig.2 Arduino UNO boardArduino EnvironmentThe Arduino board comes with its own environment, particularly an integrated development environment (IDE) and programming language. The Arduino programming language is a set of commands, which facilitates the programming of microcontrollers. This is achieved by simplifying the AVR C programming language, which the Arduino originates from. In addition, the Arduino programming language bundles several native commands to single command in some cases. The Arduino software is published as open source. This ensures programmers to develop and offer C++ libraries which can expand the functionality of the Arduino software Ard13.FastSPI LibraryFastSPI, a third-party library has been used to facilitate the control of LED-strips. It provides several clear-cut commands to configure and control LED-strips. Moreover, characteristics of different LED-drivers are integrated. Thus, the library allows a fast adaptation of the existing code to different LED-strips. The library version from the October, 14th, 2012 bas been used for the murder of the process structure.4. Design of the Output ComponentLEDs are suitable for interior lightings due to their minimal size, long service life, low power consumption and also quick response. The specification of the LED-strip is discussed in the following section.RGB-LEDsIn order to achieve the necessary colour environment adaptation, the LEDs need to be capable of emitting different colours. For this purpose, the LED strip that utilize RGB-LEDs that is able to display up to 16.7 million different colours by mixing the three primary colours red, green and benighted is chosen.Individually addressableThe LEDs of the LED-strip are individually addressable to enable a smooth lig ht colour adaptation over the whole roof liner. This enables the control of both the brightness and the colour of each LED.12 V input voltageTo avoid the necessity of additional devices such as voltage converters, the compatibility to the 12V subsidiary power grid is preferable.LPD8806 LED driver has been used. It offers SPI communication interface having a LED density of 32 LEDs/mAmount of LEDsTwo parameters have been taken into account for determining the Amount of LEDs. They are1. LED density32 LEDs per meter or a LED distance of 31.3 mm has been assumed for the calculation of the total amount of LEDs.

The Changing Status Of Indian Women

The Changing Status Of Indian Wo handsHistoriography went throughout massive changes in 20th b scurvy especially after Second World War. Political report was replaced and challenged by socio-cultural history which broadening perspective towards theoretical innovations and brought new fields into historiography, most notably sexual activity history which brought to historiography in the form of women history. However gender studies is an independent discipline which brought fifty percent of the population into the focus of diachronic studies that was previously by and large gender blind or simply masculine. Women history is the study of the part that women played in history which includes the growth of women mightilys as recorded in history and the examination of an individual woman of historical signifi buttce and the effectuate of historical events on women. Women history emerged as a independent disciplines in 1960s or 1970s because, the customal historical opus have minim ized and ignored the donation of women and also the effects of historical events on women as a whole, in this respect, women history is often a from of historical revisionism seeking to challenge the traditional historical consensus. History was written mainly by men and soundly-nigh mens activities in public spheres politics, war and diplomacy and aministration.Women was usally mentioned or portrayed in stereotyped role such as mother, wives, daughter and mistress.1In Indian history we can get references approximately the role of women from the beginning of the Indus valley civilization, the first known civilization of India which said to have flourished in 25th century BC. As per historical evidences peoples of this valley worshiped natural here and nows and divine power were mostly feminine. Nature was often called by term mother. Mother goddess was the first worshiped deity in the Indus valley. Indus community was basically matriarchal so there was no orderation of the g ender discrimination. Men and women both were engaged in food gathering which was the main economic natural action that reveals refer participation of both in daily economic conduct.2The essence of the Vedic issue as reflected in Vedic literature like iv Vedas namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvam and their different branches like Brahmanas and Upanishads.The Early Vedic age which begins from 1500 B.C. and the post-Vedic age which extends from 1000 B.C. to 500 B.C. The word Veda primarily means friendship, which virtually signifies sacred knowledge or scripture. During the Rig-Vedic or Early Vedic age that most of the hymns of the Rig-Veda were composed. It was in the later Vedic period that the Brahmanas, the three other Vedas and the Upanishads were composed.3During the Vedic era the venerable culture superseded the matriarchal culture and gender discrimination being introduced in the society, but the Rig-Veda reflect a stage where women enjoyed equal consideration of man a nd the Vedic sacrifices were occasionly performed by both men and women.4But patriarchy never suppressed women rights and privileges. Girls were given education from 4th century BC. There were no references about electric razor marriage in Rig-Vedic era.5If either girl wants to continue her education without marriage they were allowed to do so. There be two types of educated wise women were in Vedic period Brahmavadinis and Sadyodvahas. Many educated women became teacher in Vedic period they ar called Upadhyayinis. Lopamudra was a famous women preacher who composed 179 hymns of Rig-Veda jointly with Agasthya. fit to Dr Roy choudhury women not only composed hymns but were also well- intimate in sacred texts. Women also learnt music and dancing6The Vedic peoples were not conscious about gender power- politics and conflict at that time because Vedic society was then at a developing stage not in a convoluted mode.Widows remarriage was permitted in the Rig-Vedic society. Rig-Veda mentioned several hymns like the widow woman who lay on the pyre by the side of her dead husband was asked to come to the world of the living.7Rig-Veda also gave references about the freedom of women in Vedic society they attended all religious festivals and fairs with their loved ones. The Indo-Europeans believed that the wife and the husband being the equal halves of one substance were regarded equal in every respect and both took equal part in all duties, religious and complaisant.8During Vedic age inter-caste marriage took place in the society. fit to D.N Jha in one case the father was a priest, the mother grinder of corn and the son a physician, all three lived happily together.9But the abasement of women status was started in the later Vedic period. We can get references about post Vedic society from the Brahmanas, Upanisads and the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Smriti sources Manu, Yajnavalkya began to favour seclusion of women. Social customs and tradition were reinforc ed by the law-givers which degraded the position of women and the gender discrimination has begun. Indian society was based on caste system where Brahmins are preoccupied the top side most position. Where Jain and Buddhist religion tried their best to bring equality in the society there Brahminical religion began to enforce rigorous moral code for their followers. Patriarchal families became powerful during this period and restrict womens activities. They were looked down upon as a temptation and hindrance in their march towards full(prenominal)er development.10The child widow were forcedly live a carriage with full of restriction which marred them physically and mentally, and from the 1st century AD the law givers prohibited widow remarriage. The writer of Arthasastra kautilya considered women as a child bearing machine and encouraged pre-pubescent marriages which damaged child bride mentally and physically because she was not physically fit to conceive a child and the adolesce nt pregnancy carries higher risk due to toxaemia (Organic Blood Poisoning), Cephalo-pelvic disproportion* and uterine inertia (uterine inertia that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the circus tent of contraction). Other disorders which affect children born to young mothers are CNS malformation (Central Nervous System) and CVS malformation which involves the cardiovascular system. The effects of physical wellness also effects women self-confidence level. Now they were only capable of producing child and managing household affairs and their other socially useful activities prevailed. match to Romila Thapar Manu was felt that the inter-caste marriage would pollute the Aryan society. So to avoid pollution, you must control birth but you lose control over birth, if you lose control over women11Manu also makes some cooking for punishment of a woman by her husband if she makes any faults. She should be beaten by rope or by bamboo. Manu never sanctioned widow remarriage because she should remain faithful to her husbands memory but the widower could marry again.In Rig-Vedic times women was denied the right of inheritance. But Putrika could inherit her fathers wealth. The Niyoga system was encouraged where women was forced to marry her brother-in-law to safeguard property rights. In Vedic and post Vedic ages women get hitched with and unmarried daughter had some rights of inheritance but a widow, as well as wife, had no claim over her husbands property. Marriage became compulsory for Hindus. And the patriarchal system tended to keep the status of women at a low level, and the emergence of the joint family with special property rights for the male members reinforced male dominance.12The Rig-Vedic concept of Sahadharmini was replaced by Pativrata Dharma. This began a master- slave relationship bet ween husband and wife. The right of choice of life partner was also taken away from woman. Manu in 2th century B.C insisted that women should always controlled by his male superior, in child age she must be controlled by her father, then after by his husband in her youth and in old age she must be controlled by his sons.13The Buddhist age witnessed a serious change in the status of Indian women. Gautama Buddha made the adoption of daughters valid which squashed the general belief that the birth of son was indispensible to attain salvation. away from this women were accepted as nun in the Buddhist monasteries. Admission of women into the monastic order secured for them a religious status and they played a vital role in propagating Buddhism. Buddha was allowed women to marry man of her choice and also gave the wife the right to inherit the husbands property. Buddhism also permitted divorce in some special cases. Buddhism also legalizing the right of unmarried daughter to the inherit fathers property in the absence of a son which provided women economic in habituation.Buddha also encouraged widow remarriage and finally in twelfth century A.D the widows right of inheritance was recognize. Buddhism also gave prostitutes legal status by admitted them in Sanghas life, now they could live a life of alms-women. There were separate encounters evidently discriminatory for men women who wanted to join the Buddhist Sanghas. In the annual Upostha Ceremony Buddhism also reveals the prejudice against women. Another discriminatory rule is mentioned in red valerian Vogga according to which the official admonition by an alms-woman is forbidden, whereas the official admonition of an alms woman by a monk is not forbidden.14Buddhism improved the status of at least(prenominal) a section of women who embraced that religion. The majority of women at that time lived in abject subordination, under the restraints imposed by Brahmanical religion. But the overall development in womens life and work soon eclipsed by the reassertion of Brahmanical religion.Buddhism never tried to abolish existing social order. The two main joint forces which degrade women position are joint family and caste system remained unalterable. Thats why some scholar has argued that the Buddhism was failed to understand the situation of woman from the angle of social justice. If justice were to be really through with(p) mere laws are not sufficient. It takes a total re-orientation in judicial thinking and attitude, if gender justice is to be done15During the early medieval period the status women were gone lower and she was regarded equal status of Sudras. The smriti writers prohibited intercaste marriages. After Muslim invasion Indian religion and social customs were faced with a system which was equally formulated and definite.16Which resulted caste system was became more rigid. Occupation now began to determine by birth. Now the lower society of Hindu castes was got an probability to a ssert their dignity by convert to the religion of equality i.e. Islam. Thats way Islam was spread very fast in some parts in India. Women dependence to her husband and was a prominent features of this period. Indian women now have lost their access to Streedhana or dowry and engaged themselves in farming and weaving. Now women hawk freely participate in any religious festivals and functions with her male partner. Another social evil like child marriage adversely affected the health of the girls. Besides Muslims rulers in India had large harems which encouraged polygamy, even among the Hindus there was no limit set to the number of wives a man can take.Another social evil that existed in medieval India was female infanticide which was prevalent among the Rajputs and other higher castes and even among the Muslims. Purdah system gained popularity with the advent of the Muslims, Purdah is actually a Iranian word According to Patricia Jeffrey Purdah is a part and parcel of stratificatio n in India It becomes the mental foot binding, the frogs in a well syndrome, the submissiveness of the young bride and the softness of adult women to cope with the world outside.17Female infanticide was a negative effect of dowry system but this system became an integral part of the marriage honoring in medieval India. It became a heavy burden to the poor peoples. The condition of Hindu widow became more miserable during Muslim period. She was forced to lead a life which was full of sorrows and was far from all worldly pleasure.The feudal society of Muslim India encouraged the practice of Sati. By the burning herself with her own husband she proves her loyalty. According to Soroj Gulati because of the continuous wars, there were chances of too many widows young and old, and a big question was how to accommodate them without bringing stigma to the family or creating problems for society.18Prostitution became a recognized institution in medieval India besides the Debdasi system in south India degraded the status of women, under this worst system women were brides of Gods but they are supposed(p) to entertain kings, priests and even number of upper classes. According to Alberuni the kings make them an attraction for their cities, a bait of pleasure for their subjects, for no other but financial reasons.19The contribution of European to rediscovery of Indias ancient past was widely accepted by several scholars and writers of the nineteenth and twentieth century but their erudition was influenced by British by two separate contradictory ways. One strand was represented by the Orientalists, whose reconstruction of the glory of Indian civilization was taken over lock, stock, and barrel by 19th century Indian writers. Another strand was the Utilitarian and Evangelical attack on contemporary Indian society on the visibly low status of women. The early Indian nationalist writers successfully constructed an image of womanhood in the lost past as a counter to the rea l being of woman in the humiliating present.The woman question was not a theme that was foregrounded in the earliest work of the Asiatic society. William Jones did not pay any attention to Sati. It was Henry Thomas Colebrooke who focuses attention directly upon the women question on his first research On the Duties of the Faithful Hindu Widow20where he presented the textual position of sati. In the first quarter of the 19th century Raja Rammohun Roy declared crusade against sati, and argued that the ultimate goal of all Hindu was selfless acculturation in a divine essence, a union that could not flow from an action like sati. In the 19th century Indian intelligentsia sort out involve in a dual encounter with colonial ideology. Awareness of the past through Orientalist scholarship was encounters by a strong negative perception of the present those missionaries, administrators travelers were engaged in writing about this issue.The women question became a crucial tool in the colonia l ideology. Colonial writers focused on the uncivilised practices pertaining to women of the Hindu civilization. One of finest example and best known work in this perspective is James mills History of British India where Mill suggested that the Hindus were a high cultured people now in a state of decline. He judged the civilization was the position it accorded to its women. His conclusion was that the practice of segregating women did not come with the Mohammedans rather, it was a consequence of the whole sprit of the Hindu society by which women must be constantly guarded at all times for fear of their intimate tendency towards infidelity. He states that Hindus compared women with a heifer on the plain that longeth for fresh grasses, referring to their uncontrollable sexuality.21The degradation of women position in Hindu civilization requiring the protection and intervention of colonial state, that the Hindus were unfit to rule themselves. On this ground British rule in India coul d be justified by a humanitarian and moral level. Indian intellect classes react violently to this grim picture of Hindu civilization and marshaled argument against each major criticism.The condition of women in past was a key aspect of historical writing in 1840s.One such example in this account provided by M.C Deb a converted Christian member of Young Bengal group according to him men in India look upon women as household slaves and treat them with a superciliousness that even the Sultan of Turkestan does not show towards his meanest serf.22In 1842 Peary Chand Mitra provided a well versed response to the mill approach on the position of women in Hindu civilization. He shows references from Sanskrit text Mahanirban Tantra which states that daughter should be nursed and educated with care and married to learned man.23His view about Indian women crystallized a national feminine identity which was based on high culture and nationalist writers are arguing about the high status of women in ancient India which is noticeable in Clarisse Baders monograph on ancient Indian women was published in 1867 which was directly godlike by Max Muellerian view of romanticization of ancient past. According to Baders view the Sati was an expression of womans ability to go beyond the bounds of requirement.24This view was inspired by western Orientalist womanhood identity that a women should be learned, free and highly cultured.In 1888 R.C Dutta provides a comprehensive rebuttal of Mills denigration of lower status of Hindu women. Women of the past valorized in two separate ways one of them their spiritual potential and their role as sahadharminis and a heroic resister to alien rulers who choose their death rather than dishonour.25According to Jashodhara Bagchi, the inherent tension between past and present womanhood was resolved by Bankimchandra in his last novels. In Anandamath he portrayed a women character shanti who fights shoulder to shoulder with her husband in liberating t he motherland from shackles. Here shanti provided a role model of womanhood appressed to a national identity during late 19th and 20th centuries, till up to Indian independence.26Another social reformer Dayaananda Saraswati believed the Vedic women lived an idyllic existence and fully participates in all areas of public life, but Muslim influence had taught Hindus to imprison their women within the house.27Dayananda was a sole rationale of a womans existence. According to him a child body is made up of elements derived from the body of mother, so mother getting weaker after each confinement. For continued needs of propagating strong and healthy children, the wife and husband should be content with each other.28Throughout the 19th century the most problematic category of women were widows for consequence of early marriage and reformers were attempting to resolve the problem, Dayananda found his solution that remarriage for both men and women was equally valid if there were no childr en from earlier marriage. But the best practice for both man and woman is Brahmacharya (self-control), followed by adoption but who cant control their passions the best recourse is niyoga.29The woman question had dominated throughout most of the 19th century was something of a injured party during this period, has faced a tremendous reaction against the Age of Consent Bill because of implicit fear of conservatives of the lost control over womens sexuality. In the closing ten-spot of the 19th century we have got a unique identity of Indian womanhood from Swami Vivekananda who characterized Hindu womanhood by her devotional and spiritual character alternatively of western materialist setting womanhood.30In the changed political and social environment of the late 19th century the women image which was portrayed by the nationalists was more important than the existence throughout of the 20th century, the image also came to examined by the reality through the work of Altekar, as the h istorical reality.

Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural Soil

Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural SoilIntroductionSoil is a common middle that is found almost everywhere in the world and is home to a diverse community of microorganisms, especially for bacteria. Bacteria are so common in colly that surface soil can be home to 108 to 109 bacterial cells per gram of dry soil (Prescott et al., 1999). This mensuration of bacterium in soil, however, hangs deeper into the subsurface of the soil. on that point are small variations in bacterial quantity in subsurface layers, but the surface layer is always the most numerous in quantity (Weaver et al., 1994). This is because these bacteria prefer the smaller soil pores (2 to 6 m in diameter) that are more commonly found in surface soil. This is likely a method to avoid being eaten by protozoa (Prescott et al., 1999). As small soil pores are common habitats for bacterium, and soils contain higher concentrations of CO2 and CO, with lower concentrations of O2, legion(predicate) of t hese bacteria have developed the ability to grow in microaerobic or anaerobic conditions (Prescott et al., 1999).Although bacterial quantity is plentiful in the surface layers, it is common to go bulge out relatively a few(prenominal) bacteria of the same species. Rather, there is much variation in the species of bacterium cohabitating in these soil layers (Weaver et al., 1994). As a diversity of bacteria brings a diversity of metabolic pathways and nutrient fixation, this proves beneficial for plants and insects that live in the soil and rely upon the nutrients produced by these bacteria (Weaver et al., 1994).Through isolation, culturing, and testing of inelegant soil bacterium, this lab attempted to isolate and identify a single species of bacterium from agricultural soil.MethodsA 10-2 dilution in distilled water was created using 1 g of agricultural soil. From this dilution, a TSA streak plate was made and incubated at 22C for 48 hours and then chilled at 4C until further ana lysis could be preformed (Egger 2010).From this streak plate, a single culture was chosen to be sub-cultured on a TSA streak plate and was incubated as above. This culture was as well as gram stain and observed under microscope. The bacterial cell dimensions were calculated and cell shape and arrangement were recorded.The bacterial subculture was then observed for colony morphology. Individual cells were then tried and true for starch hydrolysis, H2S reduction and motility, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, oxygen tolerance, and for catalase production (Egger 2010).Further testing was then performed to determine optimum yield temperature, osmotic pressure, and pH. Temperature testing was done at 4, 22, 37, and 50C osmotic pressure testing done at 0, 0.5, 2, and 5% NaCl and pH testing was done at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 (Egger 2010).Data from tests were pooled and apply to determine the possible identity of the unknown culture.ResultsThe streak plate of dilute agricult ural soil revealed a large quantity of variant bacterial colonies vary in colour, shape, size, texture, and elevation. After isolation of a single bacterial culture, there was little to no variation in these characteristics.This single bacterial culture revealed a circular form with a flat elevation and a rough texture. The colour was observed to be clear to white in colour and unambiguous in appearance.Further observation under microscope revealed staphylobacillus approximately 40 m in length.Gram staining and testing for starch hydrolysis, and nitrification all turned out positive, while testing for H2S reduction, motility, ammonification, and denitrification all proved negative, which is further outlined in Table 1.This bacterium was then determined to be a facultative anaerobe with an optimal temperature of 37C, optimal pH of 7, and optimal osmotic pressure of 0.5% NaCl. It was also observed that there was little growth at 5% NaCl and reasonable growth at pH 5.DiscussionAs th e bacterium isolated in this look into was rod shaped, gram positive, and catalase producing, it is likely that this specific bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus (Butler 1986). aim of the specific species of Bacillus proved more difficult.As this bacterium was able to hydrolyse starch, was a facultative anaerobe, had an optimal growth temperature around 37C, and an optimal pH around 7, the possibilities were narrowed to either Bacillus coagulans or Bacillus licheniformis (Butler 1986). Although B. licheniformis is common to most ground soils, there proved to be a few common factors that supported the greater plausibility of this specific bacterium to be B. coagulans. The isolated bacterium was unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite and was unable to grow significantly in a NaCl medium of 5%. As B. licheniformis is capable of reduction of nitrate to nitrite and growth in 5% NaCl medium, it is unlikely that this unknown bacterium was B. licheniformis (Butler 1986). It was also no ned that the unknown bacterium was capable of growth at pH 5, which is a characteristic of B. coagulans (Butler 1986). Specifically, B. coagulans has been recorded as having an optimal pH of 6 and a minimum of 4.0-5.0 depending on specific strains (Butler 1986).In order to further verify that the unknown bacterium was B. coagulans, it would have been beneficial to test the bacteriums ability to hydrolyse casein paint and gelatine as B. coagulans cannot hydrolyse casein and gelatine while B. licheniformis can. It would also have been beneficial to further investigate growth in 7% and 10% NaCl to further verify the identity of B. coagulans if growth did not occur.Unfortunately, not all tests that were performed were useful in the identification of the specific species of the unknown bacterium. The tests were useful, however, in determining genus. As the genus Bacillus was reasonably simple to identify based on the rod shaped bacterium and catalase production, some of the tests, such a s the test for H2S reduction were not as useful as others, such as the test for catalase production.If the unknown bacterium did prove to be B. coagulans, this would be an uncommon isolation as B. coagulans is not common in soil (Butler 1986). For this reason, there is little information recorded on B. coagulans ecological role in soil. It would be advised that further probe into the ecological role of B. coagulans should be performed as, although uncommon, B. coagulans is still a soil bacterium and must therefore play an ecological role in soil. It may also be beneficial to further investigate B. coagulans as it is a common additive in medicated creams and antacids (Butler 1986). This is because of the possible pro-biotic benefits of B. coagulans in the gastrointestinal tract, although these benefit claims have been questioned as to their validity in recent years (De Vecchi and Drago 2006). There has also been a recent study that suggests that application of B. coagulans to arthri tic joints may cause a decrease in pain and a reduction in disability of these joints. Although, these are preliminary studies, and the function of this pain relief is unknown, there is significant reason to see B. coagulans as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (Mandel et al. 2010).Although the unknown bacterium is likely B. coagulans there were possible sources of error. A major source of error could have get on from the gram staining process. There was a possibility that the stain was not rinsed with ethanol for long enough, which would have caused retention of the dye in the cell breakwater of the unknown bacterium. This would have lead to a false positive for gram staining. If this was true and the unknown bacterium was gram negative, this would indicate a possibly different genus and definitely different species.Although errors could have lead to misidentification of the unknown bacterium, based on the data collected, it is most likely that the unknown bacterium isolated was B. coagulans. There was no reason to believe that the isolated colony was contaminated with different species of bacteria, and testing lead to a conclusive identification of the unknown bacterium. From this it is reasonable to say that the objectives of this experiment were met.