Short Story Classics Essay Example for Free

Short Story Classics EssayIt started as an adventure for him however, as the journey continues, on that point are unmistakable signs of another space and time overlapping the usual progress of the day and quest. Gradually the author brings in touches of aberration in the metric grain of the quest. Enid Bunkers scream at Neddys surprise presence denotes the first signs of something amiss in the placid scene of comfort. Lucinda had refused the Bunkers invitation. Why? Again, the noise and glow of the social surroundings is an element Neddy as if misses, Ned felt a passing affection for the scene, a tenderness for the gathering, as if it was something he might touch. (Cheever) Halfway through the journey, with the onset of the storm, Neddy tries to commemorate the exact time, but fails A train whistle blew and he wondered what time it had gotten to be. Four? Five? (Cheever) Not once, but again Then there was an explosion, a smell of cordite, and rain lashed the Japanese lanter ns that Mrs. Levy had bought in Kyoto the year before last, or was it the year before that? (Cheever) The quest beginning at the height of the summer morning slowly cloys into the barren melancholy of autumn, at the sight of the blighted maple tree.The dearth of activity at the lonely Lindleys abode, Ned attributes to his forgetfulness. It is increasingly apparent to the discerning ref that Neddy Merrill is desperately clutching at wisps of self-denial, refuses to acknowledge his misfortunes, and deletes the very notion of his sold-out house and empty existence. Even Shirley, his former mistress rebuffs him rudely, deriding his penniless state. He comes to the end of his principal he begins to cry as the world of his own make-believe shatter all around him.It was probably the first time in his adult spirit that he had ever cried, certainly the first time in his life that he had ever felt so miserable, cold, tired, and bewildered. He could not understand the effrontery of the ca terers barkeep or the rudeness of a mistress who had come to him on her knees and showered his trousers with tears. He had swum too long, he had been immersed too long, and his nose and his throat were sore from the water. (Cheever) The determinate motif of quest is given a new dimension as the time, space and milieu of the protagonist undergoes a slow transformation etched vividly in Cheevers lyrical details.Cheever postulates his philosophy of relativism in the continued perception of the truth by Neddy Merrill. As Michael Chabon writes about The Swimmer The story has mythic echoes the changeover of a divine swimmer across the calendar toward his doom and yet is always only the story of one bewildered man, approaching the end of his life, jaunt homeward, in a pair of bathing trunks, across the countryside where he lost everything that ever meant something to him. (qtd. in Chabon, Personal shell, The Stories of John Cheever)Works CitedChabon, Michael. Personal Best. The Stori es of John Cheever. http//www. salon. com/weekly/cheever960930. html Cheever, John. The Swimmer Online posting. 5 Dec. 2003. Short Story Classics The Best from the Masters of the Genrehttp//shortstoryclassics. 50megs. com/cheeverswimmer. html Young, Elizabeth and Graham Caveney. Shopping in Space. Great Britain Serpents Tail, 1992. xi. Mookerjee,Neela. The long Winding Road. GKE 2003. Essays. 18 Sept. 2008. http//www. gke. com/cafe/ic/vol2/essays/quest. htm

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario Essay Example for Free

Race-Specific Schools in Ontario EssayThroughout the years Ontario has become a very multicultural province, import all schools are multicultural. Recently the government of Ontario has thought about the root of having schools that are endure-specific. These schools would only be open for a specific race and mean(a) it on the abilities of that race. Could a school like this work in our multicultural society? There are many people today that would not oblige with this decision for many reasons. Society believes that these schools will not prepare students for the real world they are an old-fashion idea. The Canadian dream is to be multi-cultural but an inclusive place. This idea of race based schools is looked down upon in this society. People think that making schools for specific races will not prepare students when they enter the real world later finishing high school. Going to race-specific school students will only be taught about the culture, and history of their own c ountry. Also, they will be taught about the history of their race in Canada, and what their people have done that has impacted our history.This is not right because they choose to learn about what every race did that impacted our history. Since we are outright living in a multicultural county. Zanana Akande, an Ontario Legislature speaks on black focussed schools and says The situation in which we live, work and raise our kids is not a segregate one, it is an integrated one. When these students finish high school they will be so use to dealing with people of their own kind, it will be difficult for them to interact with others. Therefore these schools will not prepare them for the future in for university/collage and in the workplace.In all these institutions people are of all races, and cultures, so they need to learn how to treat, and speak to these people. The idea of having race-specific schools is archaic. In a modern multi-cultural society this would be moving a step in th e opposite direction. Ontario is trying to exit up culturally, but this would just move the province back. In many institutions they have programs that speak against racism, and try to prove that everyone is equal, and is able bodied to intake the homogeneous amount of knowledge and information.Making these schools would bring back the racism into our country, and go against all these racism acts. This would bring us back into time, where racism was part of the norm. Students should be learning in an environment where they are surrounded by people of different race. Dalton Mcguinty speaks on black focused schools and says I think our shared right is to look for ways to bring people together. (Toronto star). We should not be moving backwards, but rather move forward to a better system and society.

Development of Car Environment Light System (CELS)

Development of Car Environment Light outline (CELS)Chapter 2STATE OF ARTChapter 2 introduces all the primal fundamentals this thesis is pursed on, in order to provide a better understanding of the concepts related to AmbiLight system, image processing victimization JAVA and OpenCV libraries. Initially, the cosmopolitan architecture of the AmbiLight system is explained elaborating each modules and components of the system. Going further, the basics of image processing, its need and various techniques of image processing are discussed. Finally, the chapter focuses on JAVA and OpenCV libraries which will be used to implement the image processing techniques.2.1 AMBILIGHT SYSTEMThe AmbiLight system is a Car Environment Light System (CELS) fancyed to dynamically adapts to the driving force stance and enhances the orientation and light of the passenger compartment in vehicles. Light sources are integrated in the roof liner in-order to create the ambience. These light sources are fed with color in information by the s ejectning devices attached to the vehicle to capture the colours of the outside environment. Hence, the colour of the light emitted by the lightings in the roof liner can dynamically adapt to the outside environment in real-time. Thus, the CELS provides an enlargement of the visual perception. In particular, the effect is created as the colours displayed by the lightings correspond to the view from the window. Therefore, by looking out of the window, one perceives the coloured light as an extension of the window.This thesis is part of the TUM CREATE joint research programme. The programme is funded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore and executed by the two universities, namely, Technische Universitt Mnchen from Germany and Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Apart from other research topics, one of the major goals of TUM CREATE is to design and build the worlds first purpose-built electric taxi.The AmbiLight system will a s well as provide the driver and the passengers a pleasant spatial atmosphere thereby creating a feel-good experience psychologically. It withal improves the orientation within the vehicle, facilitating the search for things.The below section will cover the design of the Car Environment Light System (CELS). The general system structure of the CELS is also specified.Fig.1 Architecture of the AmbiLight systemThe design of the Car Environment Light System comprises of camera(s), a computer, a micro- operate onler social unit (MCU) and guide strip which act as the colour display. The camera(s) take images of the cars surrounding environment. By running a program the computer will acquire and process the images that are captured by the camera(s). The program also determines the representative colours that will be emitted by the LEDs by means of several implemented computer sciences. The LED-strip is mounted in the roof liner of the car. This arrangement in conjunction with the corres pondence of the light colour results in the perception of a larger view.In the below section we will discuss in detail about the design of the enter component the camera, the processing unit CPU, the micro-controller unit the arduino and the production component the LED strips.1. Design of the Input ComponentThis section discusses the realization of the input component. Also the input data types are also discussed.In order to create the enlargement of the perceptual view, the CELS needs to adapt to particular changes in the environment. This comprises of the illuminance, colour and motion. Thus, images as holistic visual information put on to be considered to function as CELS input data. Cameras are used since they satisfy the requirement of providing images of the present.Google provides different online services such as Street View which consistently takes and saves images with its geographic parameters, like the GPS coordinates and the cardinal direction. Hence these image s can be utilized in a deliberate manner Goo12. The Street View data base covers most of Singapores streets, hence permitting the possible operation of the CELS.Summarizing, apart from cameras, Google Street View can also be used as a input device providing real-time input data for the CELS, if the vehicle movement is defined as the only changing parameter.Since the Street View images are stored online, door to the internet must be ensured. In general, this does not present a big challenge, as the automotive human-machine interface, which was presented in Section 1.5, provides internet access via a 3G connection. However, the use is still problematic due to the risk of low connectivity or even complete loss of either the mobile or the GPS signal. This would result in asynchronous data, which obviously deteriorates the pursued effect.But, relying on Google Street View implies a disadvantage. Buildings are generally not frequently teared down and constructed again. Walking people and driving cars for instance however are in motion, hence are not considered by the Street View images. The designed CELS, being the first prototype, the achievement of the uttermost effect possible is preferable. Consequently, the dynamic features of the environment have to be considered in the calculation of the representative colour. Otherwise, the enlargement of the visual perception could be impaired. Due to this fact, the input component has been realized with a camera.2. Design of the Processing ComponentIn-order to cater various features and needs of the vehicle, the system relies on a centralized Car PC with a multitude of input and output possibilities. TANK-700-QM67 is chosen as the Car PC. The TANK-700-QM67 provides high performance and cost-effective solutions. The high performance TANK-700-QM67 fanless embedded system is weaponed with powerful computing capability, video capture, dual display, flexible I/O configuration, and long product life support. It supports Intel Mobile Core i7/i5/i3 processors and full feature I/O such as Gigabit Ethernet, two high-speed USB 3.0 ports and optional 8 channel video/audio capture and IEEE802.11a/b/g/n radio module.It also supports DDR3 memory up to 4GB. The TANK-700 embedded computer is fit for high performance embedded controller and rugged environments. These features ensure complex programs written using high-level programming languages like C, C++ or Java can be processed effectively.3. Design of the MCUArduino as SPI-InterfaceFor the processing unit to communicate with the output device, here, the LEDs of the LED strip, a MCU is used. Its task is the communication with the LED drivers via the SPI bus. For this purpose, the Arduino board has been used. It is an open-source computing platform which is based on a microcontroller board Ard13 and is illustrated in learn 5.1. In particular, the used Arduino Uno model utilizes the 8-bit ATmega 328 microcontroller from Atmel Corporation. Apart from other feat ures, the ATmega 328 has a 16 MHz processor and 32 kBytes of programmable flash memory Atm12. Moreover, it supports the required SPI interface. An integrated UART enables the RS-232 sequential communication with the computer.Fig.2 Arduino UNO boardArduino EnvironmentThe Arduino board comes with its own environment, particularly an integrated development environment (IDE) and programming language. The Arduino programming language is a set of commands, which facilitates the programming of microcontrollers. This is achieved by simplifying the AVR C programming language, which the Arduino originates from. In addition, the Arduino programming language bundles several native commands to single command in some cases. The Arduino software is published as open source. This ensures programmers to develop and offer C++ libraries which can expand the functionality of the Arduino software Ard13.FastSPI LibraryFastSPI, a third-party library has been used to facilitate the control of LED-strips. It provides several clear-cut commands to configure and control LED-strips. Moreover, characteristics of different LED-drivers are integrated. Thus, the library allows a fast adaptation of the existing code to different LED-strips. The library version from the October, 14th, 2012 bas been used for the murder of the process structure.4. Design of the Output ComponentLEDs are suitable for interior lightings due to their minimal size, long service life, low power consumption and also quick response. The specification of the LED-strip is discussed in the following section.RGB-LEDsIn order to achieve the necessary colour environment adaptation, the LEDs need to be capable of emitting different colours. For this purpose, the LED strip that utilize RGB-LEDs that is able to display up to 16.7 million different colours by mixing the three primary colours red, green and benighted is chosen.Individually addressableThe LEDs of the LED-strip are individually addressable to enable a smooth lig ht colour adaptation over the whole roof liner. This enables the control of both the brightness and the colour of each LED.12 V input voltageTo avoid the necessity of additional devices such as voltage converters, the compatibility to the 12V subsidiary power grid is preferable.LPD8806 LED driver has been used. It offers SPI communication interface having a LED density of 32 LEDs/mAmount of LEDsTwo parameters have been taken into account for determining the Amount of LEDs. They are1. LED density32 LEDs per meter or a LED distance of 31.3 mm has been assumed for the calculation of the total amount of LEDs.

The Changing Status Of Indian Women

The Changing Status Of Indian Wo handsHistoriography went throughout massive changes in 20th b scurvy especially after Second World War. Political report was replaced and challenged by socio-cultural history which broadening perspective towards theoretical innovations and brought new fields into historiography, most notably sexual activity history which brought to historiography in the form of women history. However gender studies is an independent discipline which brought fifty percent of the population into the focus of diachronic studies that was previously by and large gender blind or simply masculine. Women history is the study of the part that women played in history which includes the growth of women mightilys as recorded in history and the examination of an individual woman of historical signifi buttce and the effectuate of historical events on women. Women history emerged as a independent disciplines in 1960s or 1970s because, the customal historical opus have minim ized and ignored the donation of women and also the effects of historical events on women as a whole, in this respect, women history is often a from of historical revisionism seeking to challenge the traditional historical consensus. History was written mainly by men and soundly-nigh mens activities in public spheres politics, war and diplomacy and aministration.Women was usally mentioned or portrayed in stereotyped role such as mother, wives, daughter and mistress.1In Indian history we can get references approximately the role of women from the beginning of the Indus valley civilization, the first known civilization of India which said to have flourished in 25th century BC. As per historical evidences peoples of this valley worshiped natural here and nows and divine power were mostly feminine. Nature was often called by term mother. Mother goddess was the first worshiped deity in the Indus valley. Indus community was basically matriarchal so there was no orderation of the g ender discrimination. Men and women both were engaged in food gathering which was the main economic natural action that reveals refer participation of both in daily economic conduct.2The essence of the Vedic issue as reflected in Vedic literature like iv Vedas namely Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharvam and their different branches like Brahmanas and Upanishads.The Early Vedic age which begins from 1500 B.C. and the post-Vedic age which extends from 1000 B.C. to 500 B.C. The word Veda primarily means friendship, which virtually signifies sacred knowledge or scripture. During the Rig-Vedic or Early Vedic age that most of the hymns of the Rig-Veda were composed. It was in the later Vedic period that the Brahmanas, the three other Vedas and the Upanishads were composed.3During the Vedic era the venerable culture superseded the matriarchal culture and gender discrimination being introduced in the society, but the Rig-Veda reflect a stage where women enjoyed equal consideration of man a nd the Vedic sacrifices were occasionly performed by both men and women.4But patriarchy never suppressed women rights and privileges. Girls were given education from 4th century BC. There were no references about electric razor marriage in Rig-Vedic era.5If either girl wants to continue her education without marriage they were allowed to do so. There be two types of educated wise women were in Vedic period Brahmavadinis and Sadyodvahas. Many educated women became teacher in Vedic period they ar called Upadhyayinis. Lopamudra was a famous women preacher who composed 179 hymns of Rig-Veda jointly with Agasthya. fit to Dr Roy choudhury women not only composed hymns but were also well- intimate in sacred texts. Women also learnt music and dancing6The Vedic peoples were not conscious about gender power- politics and conflict at that time because Vedic society was then at a developing stage not in a convoluted mode.Widows remarriage was permitted in the Rig-Vedic society. Rig-Veda mentioned several hymns like the widow woman who lay on the pyre by the side of her dead husband was asked to come to the world of the living.7Rig-Veda also gave references about the freedom of women in Vedic society they attended all religious festivals and fairs with their loved ones. The Indo-Europeans believed that the wife and the husband being the equal halves of one substance were regarded equal in every respect and both took equal part in all duties, religious and complaisant.8During Vedic age inter-caste marriage took place in the society. fit to D.N Jha in one case the father was a priest, the mother grinder of corn and the son a physician, all three lived happily together.9But the abasement of women status was started in the later Vedic period. We can get references about post Vedic society from the Brahmanas, Upanisads and the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. Smriti sources Manu, Yajnavalkya began to favour seclusion of women. Social customs and tradition were reinforc ed by the law-givers which degraded the position of women and the gender discrimination has begun. Indian society was based on caste system where Brahmins are preoccupied the top side most position. Where Jain and Buddhist religion tried their best to bring equality in the society there Brahminical religion began to enforce rigorous moral code for their followers. Patriarchal families became powerful during this period and restrict womens activities. They were looked down upon as a temptation and hindrance in their march towards full(prenominal)er development.10The child widow were forcedly live a carriage with full of restriction which marred them physically and mentally, and from the 1st century AD the law givers prohibited widow remarriage. The writer of Arthasastra kautilya considered women as a child bearing machine and encouraged pre-pubescent marriages which damaged child bride mentally and physically because she was not physically fit to conceive a child and the adolesce nt pregnancy carries higher risk due to toxaemia (Organic Blood Poisoning), Cephalo-pelvic disproportion* and uterine inertia (uterine inertia that occurs when the uterus fails to contract with sufficient force to effect continuous dilation or effacement of the cervix or descent or rotation of the fetal head, and when the uterus is easily indentable at the circus tent of contraction). Other disorders which affect children born to young mothers are CNS malformation (Central Nervous System) and CVS malformation which involves the cardiovascular system. The effects of physical wellness also effects women self-confidence level. Now they were only capable of producing child and managing household affairs and their other socially useful activities prevailed. match to Romila Thapar Manu was felt that the inter-caste marriage would pollute the Aryan society. So to avoid pollution, you must control birth but you lose control over birth, if you lose control over women11Manu also makes some cooking for punishment of a woman by her husband if she makes any faults. She should be beaten by rope or by bamboo. Manu never sanctioned widow remarriage because she should remain faithful to her husbands memory but the widower could marry again.In Rig-Vedic times women was denied the right of inheritance. But Putrika could inherit her fathers wealth. The Niyoga system was encouraged where women was forced to marry her brother-in-law to safeguard property rights. In Vedic and post Vedic ages women get hitched with and unmarried daughter had some rights of inheritance but a widow, as well as wife, had no claim over her husbands property. Marriage became compulsory for Hindus. And the patriarchal system tended to keep the status of women at a low level, and the emergence of the joint family with special property rights for the male members reinforced male dominance.12The Rig-Vedic concept of Sahadharmini was replaced by Pativrata Dharma. This began a master- slave relationship bet ween husband and wife. The right of choice of life partner was also taken away from woman. Manu in 2th century B.C insisted that women should always controlled by his male superior, in child age she must be controlled by her father, then after by his husband in her youth and in old age she must be controlled by his sons.13The Buddhist age witnessed a serious change in the status of Indian women. Gautama Buddha made the adoption of daughters valid which squashed the general belief that the birth of son was indispensible to attain salvation. away from this women were accepted as nun in the Buddhist monasteries. Admission of women into the monastic order secured for them a religious status and they played a vital role in propagating Buddhism. Buddha was allowed women to marry man of her choice and also gave the wife the right to inherit the husbands property. Buddhism also permitted divorce in some special cases. Buddhism also legalizing the right of unmarried daughter to the inherit fathers property in the absence of a son which provided women economic in habituation.Buddha also encouraged widow remarriage and finally in twelfth century A.D the widows right of inheritance was recognize. Buddhism also gave prostitutes legal status by admitted them in Sanghas life, now they could live a life of alms-women. There were separate encounters evidently discriminatory for men women who wanted to join the Buddhist Sanghas. In the annual Upostha Ceremony Buddhism also reveals the prejudice against women. Another discriminatory rule is mentioned in red valerian Vogga according to which the official admonition by an alms-woman is forbidden, whereas the official admonition of an alms woman by a monk is not forbidden.14Buddhism improved the status of at least(prenominal) a section of women who embraced that religion. The majority of women at that time lived in abject subordination, under the restraints imposed by Brahmanical religion. But the overall development in womens life and work soon eclipsed by the reassertion of Brahmanical religion.Buddhism never tried to abolish existing social order. The two main joint forces which degrade women position are joint family and caste system remained unalterable. Thats why some scholar has argued that the Buddhism was failed to understand the situation of woman from the angle of social justice. If justice were to be really through with(p) mere laws are not sufficient. It takes a total re-orientation in judicial thinking and attitude, if gender justice is to be done15During the early medieval period the status women were gone lower and she was regarded equal status of Sudras. The smriti writers prohibited intercaste marriages. After Muslim invasion Indian religion and social customs were faced with a system which was equally formulated and definite.16Which resulted caste system was became more rigid. Occupation now began to determine by birth. Now the lower society of Hindu castes was got an probability to a ssert their dignity by convert to the religion of equality i.e. Islam. Thats way Islam was spread very fast in some parts in India. Women dependence to her husband and was a prominent features of this period. Indian women now have lost their access to Streedhana or dowry and engaged themselves in farming and weaving. Now women hawk freely participate in any religious festivals and functions with her male partner. Another social evil like child marriage adversely affected the health of the girls. Besides Muslims rulers in India had large harems which encouraged polygamy, even among the Hindus there was no limit set to the number of wives a man can take.Another social evil that existed in medieval India was female infanticide which was prevalent among the Rajputs and other higher castes and even among the Muslims. Purdah system gained popularity with the advent of the Muslims, Purdah is actually a Iranian word According to Patricia Jeffrey Purdah is a part and parcel of stratificatio n in India It becomes the mental foot binding, the frogs in a well syndrome, the submissiveness of the young bride and the softness of adult women to cope with the world outside.17Female infanticide was a negative effect of dowry system but this system became an integral part of the marriage honoring in medieval India. It became a heavy burden to the poor peoples. The condition of Hindu widow became more miserable during Muslim period. She was forced to lead a life which was full of sorrows and was far from all worldly pleasure.The feudal society of Muslim India encouraged the practice of Sati. By the burning herself with her own husband she proves her loyalty. According to Soroj Gulati because of the continuous wars, there were chances of too many widows young and old, and a big question was how to accommodate them without bringing stigma to the family or creating problems for society.18Prostitution became a recognized institution in medieval India besides the Debdasi system in south India degraded the status of women, under this worst system women were brides of Gods but they are supposed(p) to entertain kings, priests and even number of upper classes. According to Alberuni the kings make them an attraction for their cities, a bait of pleasure for their subjects, for no other but financial reasons.19The contribution of European to rediscovery of Indias ancient past was widely accepted by several scholars and writers of the nineteenth and twentieth century but their erudition was influenced by British by two separate contradictory ways. One strand was represented by the Orientalists, whose reconstruction of the glory of Indian civilization was taken over lock, stock, and barrel by 19th century Indian writers. Another strand was the Utilitarian and Evangelical attack on contemporary Indian society on the visibly low status of women. The early Indian nationalist writers successfully constructed an image of womanhood in the lost past as a counter to the rea l being of woman in the humiliating present.The woman question was not a theme that was foregrounded in the earliest work of the Asiatic society. William Jones did not pay any attention to Sati. It was Henry Thomas Colebrooke who focuses attention directly upon the women question on his first research On the Duties of the Faithful Hindu Widow20where he presented the textual position of sati. In the first quarter of the 19th century Raja Rammohun Roy declared crusade against sati, and argued that the ultimate goal of all Hindu was selfless acculturation in a divine essence, a union that could not flow from an action like sati. In the 19th century Indian intelligentsia sort out involve in a dual encounter with colonial ideology. Awareness of the past through Orientalist scholarship was encounters by a strong negative perception of the present those missionaries, administrators travelers were engaged in writing about this issue.The women question became a crucial tool in the colonia l ideology. Colonial writers focused on the uncivilised practices pertaining to women of the Hindu civilization. One of finest example and best known work in this perspective is James mills History of British India where Mill suggested that the Hindus were a high cultured people now in a state of decline. He judged the civilization was the position it accorded to its women. His conclusion was that the practice of segregating women did not come with the Mohammedans rather, it was a consequence of the whole sprit of the Hindu society by which women must be constantly guarded at all times for fear of their intimate tendency towards infidelity. He states that Hindus compared women with a heifer on the plain that longeth for fresh grasses, referring to their uncontrollable sexuality.21The degradation of women position in Hindu civilization requiring the protection and intervention of colonial state, that the Hindus were unfit to rule themselves. On this ground British rule in India coul d be justified by a humanitarian and moral level. Indian intellect classes react violently to this grim picture of Hindu civilization and marshaled argument against each major criticism.The condition of women in past was a key aspect of historical writing in 1840s.One such example in this account provided by M.C Deb a converted Christian member of Young Bengal group according to him men in India look upon women as household slaves and treat them with a superciliousness that even the Sultan of Turkestan does not show towards his meanest serf.22In 1842 Peary Chand Mitra provided a well versed response to the mill approach on the position of women in Hindu civilization. He shows references from Sanskrit text Mahanirban Tantra which states that daughter should be nursed and educated with care and married to learned man.23His view about Indian women crystallized a national feminine identity which was based on high culture and nationalist writers are arguing about the high status of women in ancient India which is noticeable in Clarisse Baders monograph on ancient Indian women was published in 1867 which was directly godlike by Max Muellerian view of romanticization of ancient past. According to Baders view the Sati was an expression of womans ability to go beyond the bounds of requirement.24This view was inspired by western Orientalist womanhood identity that a women should be learned, free and highly cultured.In 1888 R.C Dutta provides a comprehensive rebuttal of Mills denigration of lower status of Hindu women. Women of the past valorized in two separate ways one of them their spiritual potential and their role as sahadharminis and a heroic resister to alien rulers who choose their death rather than dishonour.25According to Jashodhara Bagchi, the inherent tension between past and present womanhood was resolved by Bankimchandra in his last novels. In Anandamath he portrayed a women character shanti who fights shoulder to shoulder with her husband in liberating t he motherland from shackles. Here shanti provided a role model of womanhood appressed to a national identity during late 19th and 20th centuries, till up to Indian independence.26Another social reformer Dayaananda Saraswati believed the Vedic women lived an idyllic existence and fully participates in all areas of public life, but Muslim influence had taught Hindus to imprison their women within the house.27Dayananda was a sole rationale of a womans existence. According to him a child body is made up of elements derived from the body of mother, so mother getting weaker after each confinement. For continued needs of propagating strong and healthy children, the wife and husband should be content with each other.28Throughout the 19th century the most problematic category of women were widows for consequence of early marriage and reformers were attempting to resolve the problem, Dayananda found his solution that remarriage for both men and women was equally valid if there were no childr en from earlier marriage. But the best practice for both man and woman is Brahmacharya (self-control), followed by adoption but who cant control their passions the best recourse is niyoga.29The woman question had dominated throughout most of the 19th century was something of a injured party during this period, has faced a tremendous reaction against the Age of Consent Bill because of implicit fear of conservatives of the lost control over womens sexuality. In the closing ten-spot of the 19th century we have got a unique identity of Indian womanhood from Swami Vivekananda who characterized Hindu womanhood by her devotional and spiritual character alternatively of western materialist setting womanhood.30In the changed political and social environment of the late 19th century the women image which was portrayed by the nationalists was more important than the existence throughout of the 20th century, the image also came to examined by the reality through the work of Altekar, as the h istorical reality.

Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural Soil

Identification of Bacillus Coagulans from Agricultural SoilIntroductionSoil is a common middle that is found almost everywhere in the world and is home to a diverse community of microorganisms, especially for bacteria. Bacteria are so common in colly that surface soil can be home to 108 to 109 bacterial cells per gram of dry soil (Prescott et al., 1999). This mensuration of bacterium in soil, however, hangs deeper into the subsurface of the soil. on that point are small variations in bacterial quantity in subsurface layers, but the surface layer is always the most numerous in quantity (Weaver et al., 1994). This is because these bacteria prefer the smaller soil pores (2 to 6 m in diameter) that are more commonly found in surface soil. This is likely a method to avoid being eaten by protozoa (Prescott et al., 1999). As small soil pores are common habitats for bacterium, and soils contain higher concentrations of CO2 and CO, with lower concentrations of O2, legion(predicate) of t hese bacteria have developed the ability to grow in microaerobic or anaerobic conditions (Prescott et al., 1999).Although bacterial quantity is plentiful in the surface layers, it is common to go bulge out relatively a few(prenominal) bacteria of the same species. Rather, there is much variation in the species of bacterium cohabitating in these soil layers (Weaver et al., 1994). As a diversity of bacteria brings a diversity of metabolic pathways and nutrient fixation, this proves beneficial for plants and insects that live in the soil and rely upon the nutrients produced by these bacteria (Weaver et al., 1994).Through isolation, culturing, and testing of inelegant soil bacterium, this lab attempted to isolate and identify a single species of bacterium from agricultural soil.MethodsA 10-2 dilution in distilled water was created using 1 g of agricultural soil. From this dilution, a TSA streak plate was made and incubated at 22C for 48 hours and then chilled at 4C until further ana lysis could be preformed (Egger 2010).From this streak plate, a single culture was chosen to be sub-cultured on a TSA streak plate and was incubated as above. This culture was as well as gram stain and observed under microscope. The bacterial cell dimensions were calculated and cell shape and arrangement were recorded.The bacterial subculture was then observed for colony morphology. Individual cells were then tried and true for starch hydrolysis, H2S reduction and motility, ammonification, nitrification, denitrification, oxygen tolerance, and for catalase production (Egger 2010).Further testing was then performed to determine optimum yield temperature, osmotic pressure, and pH. Temperature testing was done at 4, 22, 37, and 50C osmotic pressure testing done at 0, 0.5, 2, and 5% NaCl and pH testing was done at pH 3, 5, 7, and 9 (Egger 2010).Data from tests were pooled and apply to determine the possible identity of the unknown culture.ResultsThe streak plate of dilute agricult ural soil revealed a large quantity of variant bacterial colonies vary in colour, shape, size, texture, and elevation. After isolation of a single bacterial culture, there was little to no variation in these characteristics.This single bacterial culture revealed a circular form with a flat elevation and a rough texture. The colour was observed to be clear to white in colour and unambiguous in appearance.Further observation under microscope revealed staphylobacillus approximately 40 m in length.Gram staining and testing for starch hydrolysis, and nitrification all turned out positive, while testing for H2S reduction, motility, ammonification, and denitrification all proved negative, which is further outlined in Table 1.This bacterium was then determined to be a facultative anaerobe with an optimal temperature of 37C, optimal pH of 7, and optimal osmotic pressure of 0.5% NaCl. It was also observed that there was little growth at 5% NaCl and reasonable growth at pH 5.DiscussionAs th e bacterium isolated in this look into was rod shaped, gram positive, and catalase producing, it is likely that this specific bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus (Butler 1986). aim of the specific species of Bacillus proved more difficult.As this bacterium was able to hydrolyse starch, was a facultative anaerobe, had an optimal growth temperature around 37C, and an optimal pH around 7, the possibilities were narrowed to either Bacillus coagulans or Bacillus licheniformis (Butler 1986). Although B. licheniformis is common to most ground soils, there proved to be a few common factors that supported the greater plausibility of this specific bacterium to be B. coagulans. The isolated bacterium was unable to reduce nitrate to nitrite and was unable to grow significantly in a NaCl medium of 5%. As B. licheniformis is capable of reduction of nitrate to nitrite and growth in 5% NaCl medium, it is unlikely that this unknown bacterium was B. licheniformis (Butler 1986). It was also no ned that the unknown bacterium was capable of growth at pH 5, which is a characteristic of B. coagulans (Butler 1986). Specifically, B. coagulans has been recorded as having an optimal pH of 6 and a minimum of 4.0-5.0 depending on specific strains (Butler 1986).In order to further verify that the unknown bacterium was B. coagulans, it would have been beneficial to test the bacteriums ability to hydrolyse casein paint and gelatine as B. coagulans cannot hydrolyse casein and gelatine while B. licheniformis can. It would also have been beneficial to further investigate growth in 7% and 10% NaCl to further verify the identity of B. coagulans if growth did not occur.Unfortunately, not all tests that were performed were useful in the identification of the specific species of the unknown bacterium. The tests were useful, however, in determining genus. As the genus Bacillus was reasonably simple to identify based on the rod shaped bacterium and catalase production, some of the tests, such a s the test for H2S reduction were not as useful as others, such as the test for catalase production.If the unknown bacterium did prove to be B. coagulans, this would be an uncommon isolation as B. coagulans is not common in soil (Butler 1986). For this reason, there is little information recorded on B. coagulans ecological role in soil. It would be advised that further probe into the ecological role of B. coagulans should be performed as, although uncommon, B. coagulans is still a soil bacterium and must therefore play an ecological role in soil. It may also be beneficial to further investigate B. coagulans as it is a common additive in medicated creams and antacids (Butler 1986). This is because of the possible pro-biotic benefits of B. coagulans in the gastrointestinal tract, although these benefit claims have been questioned as to their validity in recent years (De Vecchi and Drago 2006). There has also been a recent study that suggests that application of B. coagulans to arthri tic joints may cause a decrease in pain and a reduction in disability of these joints. Although, these are preliminary studies, and the function of this pain relief is unknown, there is significant reason to see B. coagulans as a treatment for rheumatoid arthritis (Mandel et al. 2010).Although the unknown bacterium is likely B. coagulans there were possible sources of error. A major source of error could have get on from the gram staining process. There was a possibility that the stain was not rinsed with ethanol for long enough, which would have caused retention of the dye in the cell breakwater of the unknown bacterium. This would have lead to a false positive for gram staining. If this was true and the unknown bacterium was gram negative, this would indicate a possibly different genus and definitely different species.Although errors could have lead to misidentification of the unknown bacterium, based on the data collected, it is most likely that the unknown bacterium isolated was B. coagulans. There was no reason to believe that the isolated colony was contaminated with different species of bacteria, and testing lead to a conclusive identification of the unknown bacterium. From this it is reasonable to say that the objectives of this experiment were met.

How Does the Tell Tale Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A Gothic Essay

How Does the Tell rumor Heart Fulfil Your Expectations of A GothicStory?From a gothic story such as the tell baloney heart, by Edgar Allan Poe, Iexpect numerous amounts of gory deaths, intense suspense, hideoushorror, plently of fear and espically paranoia. They should alsocontain a variety of literacy techniques including imagery, sentencestructure, punctation and repititation in my set about I will be focusingon the amounts of death, horror, fear, suspense and the amount ofliteracy techniques used throughout the story.Edgar Allan Poe uses a lot of suspense in the Tell Tale Heart. Toincrease the effect the suspense he incorprates it with literacytechniques. One example of mixing literacty techniques with suspenseis when Edgar Allan Poe uses imagery to descirbe the objet dart creeping intothe old mans bedroom when the old man wakes up.I had my head in, and was about to open the lantern, when my thumbslipped upon the tin fastening, and the old man sprang up in bed,crying out --Who s there?I kept quite still and said nothing. For a whole hour, I did not mo...

The Crown Of Diamond: Overview :: essays research papers

1. Author?Sir Arthur Conan Doil.2. Setting?Baker Street, Threadneedle street, and Streathham in London England.3. Identify the infrastructure of your book?The theme is to never misjudge people until proven guilty.4. Story?One morning, a well-known gentle valet went into a bank in London, and was received immediately by Mr. Alexander Holder, head of the bank. He asked for a loan of fifty thousand Pounds. Mr. Holder asked him to present collateral to cover that large sum of money the man showed him a crown that belongs to the country. Knowing the risk, Mr. Holder agreed to lend the gentleman that large sum of money if he pays it back in a hardly a(prenominal) days. After the gentleman left Mr. Holder decided to keep the crown alone the time near by him, so he took the crown to his lieu in Streatham. There he lived with his only son Arthur and his niece Mary who was an orphan. He told them about his story with the crown of diamonds. When the father was going to sleep, Arthur asked for two hundred pounds. He refused to give him thinking his son was spoiled by his rich friends who had nothing to do except watch horses. Before going to sleep, he went to check that all windows and doors were locked. He saw Mary at a side window at the hall. She closed it quickly, and Holder noticed that she looked anxious. After he went to sleep, he comprehend some noise that woke him up he waited until he heard it again coming from his sitting room. He jumped out of his bed and saw his son holding the crown broken from the side and three diamonds were missing. In grief, he accused Arthur of being a thief and a liar. Meanwhile Mary came in and sightedness the crown fainted. Arthur asked if he could leave for five minutes precisely Holder refused and called the police to take his only beloved son to jail. The police searched the house but could not find anything and advised Holder to get the help of Mr. Holmes the famous detective.Mr. Holder went to Mr. Holmes in a hysterical manner. He was calmed down and started to tell him his mystery. so Holmes asked him whether any one visits them, no one replied Holder except for Arthurs friend George Burnwell. He added that Mary does not go out of the house, which seemed strange for a young lady but her uncle thought of her as a pleasant and quite girl, and thought of his son of being guilty.